Byzantine, Russia, and Eastern Orthodox

1. Byzantine, Russia, and Eastern Orthodox Chapter 9

2. Three similarities between Eastern and Western Europe Concept Question 1

3. What happened to the small farmer class after the Arab invasions Concept Question 2

4. Two ways Byzantine Empire was similar to China Concept Question 3

5. How did Roman Catholicism and Eastern Orthodox affect Central and Eastern Europe Concept Question 4

6. How three cultures affect development of KievanRus Concept Question 5

7. Intro • 10th century, Vladimir’s tough decision • Polytheistic people • Why convert? • Chose Orthodox Christianity

8. Civ in Eastern Europe

9. Power of the Byzantines • 500-1450 CE • Considered Roman emperors • Spread to uncultured areas • Major in trade • Similarities between Eastern and Western Europe • Developed on different tracks • Significantly more advanced

10. The Byzantine Empire

11. Intro • Originally Eastern capital • Warding off Huns • Large tax base • Latin court language, Greek common • Benefitted from commerce • Foreign enemies • Persians, Slavs • Complex government

12. Justinian’s Achievement • Early on, recurrent threat of invasion • 533, Justinian tries to unify Roman Empire • Positive contributions • Conquering not successful • Belisarius • Weakened their own sphere

13. Arab Pressure and the Empire’s Defenses • Successors concentrate on defending the empire • Withstood Arab Muslims • 717-718, Greek fire • New economic burdens • Periods of vigor and decay

14. Byzantine Society and Politics • Politics similar to patterns in China • Power of the state contrasted w/ Western Europe • Women held the throne • Empress Theodora • One of histories most elaborate bureaucracies • Recruited from all social classes • Provincial government • Elaborate system of spies • Military leaders increasingly hereditary

15. Byzantine Society and Politics • Socially and economically, empire depended on countryside • Food prices artificially low • Production of luxury goods • Merchant class never gain political power • Cultural life- secular Hellenism, Eastern Orthodox • Preserved and commented on past forms • Art and architecture

16. Split Between Eastern and Western Orthodox

17. The Schism • 1054, patriarch in Constantinople raises issues • Roman pope excommunicated patriarch and followers • Still had common Christianity

18. The Empire Declines • After Schism, enters decline • 11th century, Seljuk Turks seized Anatolia • Manzikert, 1071 • Slavic Kingdoms • Serbia • Ask for Western help • Gets the Crusades instead • 1204, Crusade sacks Constantinople • Turkish settlements press ever closer • 1453, Turkish sultan takes Constantinople • 1461, conquers rest of Byzantium

19. Questions • Period of Byzantine Empire • Had to fend off these invaders shortly after formation • Century Greek became official language • Justinian’s three major achievements • General who helps conquer north Africa and Italy • Temporary capital Italy, now artistic center • Emperor who was product of hereditary military leaders • Three examples of Byzantine art and architecture • Year of the Schism • Group that conquered the Byzantine empire

20. Spread of Civilization in Eastern Europe

21. Intro and E. Central Borderlands • Byzantium source of northward spread of Christianity • 864, Cyril and Methodius • Balkans and South Russia • Cyrillic • Roman Catholicism in Czech Rep., Hungary, Poland • Regional Monarchies • Loosely governed and land-owning aristocracy • Trade and industry (ironworking) • Influx of Jews

22. Emergence of KievanRus

23. Intro • Byzantine influence as Formative Period • Slavic peoples into Russia and E. Europe from Central Asia • Iron and extended culture • Animist religion, folk music, oral legends • Loose regional kingdoms

24. New Patterns of Trade • 6th-7th, Scandinavian traders work south through Slavic lands • Dnieper, coalesced around trading centers • Trade between Scandinavia and Constantinople • Scandinavians set up government along trade route • Principalities loosely organized around alliances with regional, landed aristocrats • Kiev becomes trading center • Vladimir I converted to Christianity • Russian Orthodox Church • Formal law code • Issued by last great Kievan king Yaroslav

25. Institutions and Culture in KievanRus • Wasn’t able to replicate Byzantium institutions • Fervent devotion & Eastern saints organize worship • Literature of religious & royal events, praise of saints, power of God • Art on religion w/icon painting and illuminated religious manuscripts • Cross and dome structure • Social and economic patterns • Fairly free farmers w/aristocratic landlord class • Boyars less power than W. Europe

26. Kievan Decline • Fade in 12th century • Rival princes • Royal family succession questions • Invaders from Asia • Fall of Byzantium • Final blow 1237-38, 1240-41, Mongols invade • Under Tatar control for 2 centuries • After regaining independence, claim mantle of E. Europe leadership

27. Questions • Who were the two Orthodox missionaries? • What written language did they create? • List two of the three countries/regions in C. Europe that adopted Roman Catholicism • Why were Jews leaving W. Europe? • Where were the Slavic peoples originally from? • What river did Scandinavians trade on? • Kievan king who converted to Christianity • King who issued the code of law • Two focuses of Russian/Ukranian art • What century did Kievan society start to decline? • What did Russians call the Mongols? • Two events that disrupt E. Europe.