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Conjugating Verbs

Conjugating Verbs. Present, Imperfect & Perfect Tenses. Background Info. To conjugate a verb means to list the forms. Verbs are grouped into conjugations. Conjugations determine the linking vowels for present tense and imperfect tense. 1 st conjugation verbs have 2 nd PP ending –are

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Conjugating Verbs

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  1. Conjugating Verbs Present, Imperfect & Perfect Tenses

  2. Background Info • To conjugate a verb means to list the forms. • Verbs are grouped into conjugations. • Conjugations determine the linking vowels for present tense and imperfect tense. • 1st conjugation verbs have 2nd PP ending –are • 2ndconjugation verbs have 2nd PP ending –ēre • 3rd conjugation verbs have 2nd PP ending –ere • 4th conjugation verbs have 2nd PP ending –ire

  3. Conjugating in Present Tense • The endings are: -o -mus -s -tis -t -nt • The linking vowels for present tense are: 1 2 3 4 a e ii • To form the present tense, remove infinitive ending from the end of the 2ndpp, then add the correct linking vowel plus the endings. • Remember that in 1st and 3rd conjugation, -o swallows the vowel. • Remember that in 3rd and 4th conjugation, the 3rd person plural ending is –unt and –iunt.

  4. Conjugating in Imperfect Tense • The endings are: -bam -bamus -bas -batis -bat -bant • The linking vowels for imperfect tense are: 1 2 3 4 a e eie • To form the imperfect tense, remove the infinitive ending from the end of the 2ndpp, then add the correct linking vowel plus the endings.

  5. Conjugating in Perfect Tense • The endings are: -i -imus -isti -istis -it -erunt • To form the perfect tense, remove –i from the end of the 3rdpp, then add the endings. • This applies for all conjugations, including irregular verbs. • There are no linking vowels for perfect tense.

  6. Conjugate porto, portare, portavi – carryin present, imperfect and perfect tenses. • Since the 2ndpp ends in –are, this verb is 1st conjugation. • 1st conjugation verbs use –a for the linking vowel for both present and imperfect. • Present TenseImperfect Tense portoportamusportabamportabamus portasportatisportabasportabatis portatportantportabatportabant • Perfect Tense – 3rdpp is portavi, minus -i, plus endings  portaviportavimus portavistiportavistis portavitportaverunt

  7. Conjugate rideo, ridēre, risi– laughin present, imperfect and perfect tenses. • Since the 2ndpp ends in –ēre, this verb is 2nd conjugation. • 2nd conjugation verbs use –e for the linking vowel for both present and imperfect. • Present TenseImperfect Tense rideoridemusridebamridebamus rides ridetisridebasridebatis ridetridentridebatridebant • Perfect Tense – 3rdpp is risi, minus -i, plus endings  risirisimus risistirisistis risitriserunt

  8. Conjugate vendo, vendere, vendidi– sellin present, imperfect and perfect tenses. • Since the 2ndpp ends in –ere, this verb is 3rd conjugation. • 3rd conjugation verbs use –i for present tense and –e for the imperfect tense. • Present TenseImperfect Tense vendovendimusvendebamvendebamus vendisvenditisvendebasvendebatis venditvenduntvendebatvendebant • Perfect Tense – 3rdpp is vendidi, minus -i, plus endings  vendidivendidimus vendidistivendidistis vendiditvendiderunt

  9. Conjugate dormio, dormire, dormivi– sleepin present, imperfect and perfect tenses. • Since the 2ndpp ends in –ire, this verb is 4th conjugation. • 4th conjugation verbs use –i for present tense and –ie for the imperfect tense. • Present TenseImperfect Tense dormiodormimusdormiebamdormiebamus dormisdormitisdormiebasdormiebatis dormitdormiuntdormiebatdormiebant • Perfect Tense – 3rdpp is dormivi, minus -i, plus endings  dormividormivimus dormivistidormivistis dormivitdormiverunt

  10. Conjugate sum, esse, fui– to bein present, imperfect and perfect tenses. • Since this verb is irregular, it doesn’t belong to any conjugation. • The forms must be memorized for present and imperfect. • Present TenseImperfect Tense sum sumuserameramus esestis eras eratis estsunteraterant • Perfect Tense – 3rdpp is fui, minus -i, plus endings  fuifuimus fuistifuistis fuitfuerunt • Compounds will be conjugated similarly.

  11. Conjugate eo, ire, ii – goin present, imperfect and perfect tenses. • Since this verb is irregular, it doesn’t belong to any conjugation. • The forms must be memorized for present and imperfect. • Present TenseImperfect Tense eoimusibamibamus is itisibasibatis it euntibatibant • Perfect Tense – 3rdpp is ii, minus -i, plus endings  ii iimus iistiiistis iitierunt • Compounds will be conjugated similarly.

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