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Un-Greening LA: Part II

Un-Greening LA: Part II. A Spatial Look at LA’s Medical Marijuana Ordinances. Justin Oh UP206A – Estrada Winter 2011. Key Questions. How have LA’s medical marijuana ordinances affected the number/location of dispensaries? Did the ordinances do what they were meant to do ?

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Un-Greening LA: Part II

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  1. Un-Greening LA: Part II A Spatial Look at LA’s Medical Marijuana Ordinances Justin Oh UP206A – Estrada Winter 2011

  2. Key Questions • How have LA’s medical marijuana ordinances affected the number/location of dispensaries? • Did the ordinances do what they were meant to do? • Is there a disconnect between the ordinances and community concerns?

  3. Pre-2007 • LA City establishes rules for where medical marijuana dispensaries may locate: • Light industrial/commercial zone not abutting any residential zone • Not within 1000 feet of “sensitive uses” • Schools/Day care centers • Places of worship • Parks, libraries, etc. • Other dispensaries

  4. 2007 - 2009 • 2007: Interim Control Ordinance places moratorium on new dispensaries (capped at 186), but it is largely ignored: • Lack of oversight/enforcement • “Hardship exemption” loophole • President Obama • Wildly varying estimates of dispensaries • LAPD: 450 • KCRW: 1000

  5. LA Dispensaries, circa 2008

  6. 2009 - 2010 • June 2009: LA City Council establishes new ordinance permitting 186 dispensaries to operate • Hardship exemption removed • In operation prior to 2007 ICO under same name, at least one original owner • New round of registrations/fees • Still in compliance with all applicable regulations • May 2010: LA City Attorney serves over 400 dispensaries closure notice

  7. Effect of June 2009 Ordinance

  8. 2010 - 2011 • October 2010: New ordinance attempts to cap number of dispensaries at 70, strictly enforce regulations • City Clerk finds only 41 dispensaries in compliance with all regulations • Dozens of dispensaries sue City • February 2011: LA Superior Court Judge declares newest ordinance unconstitutional

  9. What Could Have Been

  10. What Could Have Been

  11. Today – Waiting to Win the Lottery • March 2011: City Council announces new round of applications for lottery • 228 applicants selected for 100 slots • 141 owners served closure notices • Meanwhile, LA voters approve Measure M on March 8 • Tax of $50 of every $1000 in gross sales on dispensaries • Expected to raise about $10 million a year

  12. How Did We Get Here? • Community complaints against dispensaries have been increasing over the last several years: • Crime and blight • Illegal sales/use • Oversaturation in some areas • Lack of regulations; location violations

  13. How Did We Get Here? • Community complaints against dispensaries have been increasing over the last several years: • Crime and blight • Illegal sales/use • Oversaturation in some areas • Lack of regulations; location violations

  14. Oversaturation • 20 dispensaries within 3.29 mi2 = 6.08/mi2

  15. Oversaturation • 27 dispensaries within 16.5 mi2 = 1.64/mi2

  16. Oversaturation • 19 dispensaries within 8.9 mi2 = 2.13/mi2

  17. Oversaturation • 21 dispensaries within 7.87 mi2 = 2.67/mi2

  18. Sensitive Uses

  19. Proximity to “Sensitive Uses” • Many dispensaries entered into the latest lottery are in violation of location rules Apartment Complex HHC Temple Camino Nuevo High School Soledad Enrichment Action Charter School (half block south) Virgil

  20. Presence of Children

  21. Concentrations of Violators

  22. Key Questions • How have LA’s medical marijuana ordinances affected the number/location of dispensaries? • Reduced number significantly (according to legal status; compliance still uncertain) • Not much change to locations – ordinances were reactive and many violators remain • Did the ordinances do what they were meant to do? • Yes; they were meant to cut down the number of dispensaries and did so

  23. Responses to Community Concerns • Legal methods are probably most effective against undesirable dispensaries, given their locations alone • City of LA vs. Organica • Winnetka Neighborhood Council vs. Hope Collective

  24. Responses to Community Concerns • Must push City Council to clarify all applicable regulations and enforce them • Regulatory body? Exemptions? Compliance monitoring? • Concerns about oversaturation are subjective • What is the comparison? Fast-food joints? Drug stores? Liquor/Convenience stores?

  25. Skills Used • Inset Map • Geocoding • Geoprocessing (clipping, union) • Attribute sub-sets selection • Boundary sub-sets selection • Buffering • Modeling • Metadata • Measurement/Analysis (Euclidian distance) • Original data (list of dispensaries) • Charts, Graphs, Images • Hotspot Analysis

  26. Metadata

  27. Model

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