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Domains, Kingdoms, and Phyla

Domains, Kingdoms, and Phyla. Grouping Organisms And Classification. Age of Life on Earth. 3.5 billion years ago (prokaryotes came first) 1.5 million species have been named by classification system called taxonomy (to name and group organisms in a logical manner). Domains.

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Domains, Kingdoms, and Phyla

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  1. Domains, Kingdoms, and Phyla Grouping Organisms And Classification

  2. Age of Life on Earth • 3.5 billion years ago (prokaryotes came first) • 1.5 million species have been named by classification system called taxonomy (to name and group organisms in a logical manner)

  3. Domains 3 largest classification groups Archaea Eubacteria Eukarya

  4. THREE Domains…Kingdoms Eubacteria Archaea Eukarya Prokaryotic (no true nucleus) (true nucleus) (true bacteria) (extreme (protists bacteria) fungi plants animals)

  5. TAXONS • Domain (3): Archaea, Eubacteria, Eukarya • Kingdom (6) • Phylum • Class • Order • Family • Genus • Species

  6. Comparing Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic PROKARYOTIC No true nucleus (called a nucleoid) smaller EUKARYOTIC True nucleus with a membrane larger Comparing prokaryotic and eukaryotic

  7. Six Kingdoms: Get Handout

  8. Two Domains are Prokaryotic • Genetic material NOT in a nucleus (called a nucleoid instead) • INCLUDES: • Eubacteria –true bacteria 2. Archaea– extreme bacteria (sometimes “archaebacteria”) • Bacteria Youtube (Archaea and Eubacteria) (2:33)

  9. Kingdom: Archaeaor Archaebacteria) • Prokaryotic –no true nucleus • Cell walls with no peptidoglycan(see next slide) • Unicellular – one celled • Live in most extreme environments

  10. What is peptidoglycan? • A cross-linked complex of polysaccharides (sugars) and peptides (proteins) found in the cell walls of bacteria

  11. Kingdom: Archaea • Thermophiles –love heat • Psychrophiles –cold-loving • Acidophiles –love acidic environments • Halophiles-love salty • Barophiles-high pressure (ocean bottom)

  12. Archaea Examples Found in hot springs • Thermus aquaticus (Extremophiles Youtube)

  13. Archaea Examples A-thermophile B-halophile C-halophile D-carbonatphile E-halophile F-calcium carbonatphile -What are extremophiles? (54 secs) -Extremophiles (1:25) -Bozeman Biology: Archaea (7:16)

  14. Kingdom: EUBACTERIA (true bacteria) • Prokaryotic – no true nucleus (just a nucleoid) • Cell wall with peptidoglycan • Unicellular –one-celled • Diverse environments and metabolism

  15. Eubacteria (Common) • Staphylococcus • Anthracis bacillus • Escherichia coli • Streptococcus

  16. Eubacteria Examples • Neisseria gonorrhoeae • Staphylococcus aureus(skin)

  17. Domain: Eukarya HAVE A NUCLEUS (membrane around the Genetic material) Includes 4 Kingdoms: Protists Fungi Animals Plants

  18. Kingdom: Protista • Eukaryotic – DO have a nucleus • Usually unicellular • Varied cell walls • (Plant-like, animal-like, fungus –like)

  19. Plant-like protists (have chlorophyll) Animal-like protists (Move) Fungus-like protists (slime molds move like amoeba, decomposer) PROTISTA

  20. Euglena Paramecium Protista ExamplesProtist Youtube Stentor Volvox (colonial)

  21. Kingdom: FUNGI • Eukaryotic • Cell walls of chitin –stiffener • Can be multicellular or unicellular

  22. Fungi • Yeast (unicellular fungi) • Can you see the budding?

  23. More Fungi • Bracket Fungus Toenail Fungus Bread mold

  24. More Fungi • Penicillium Black Mold Hot dog mold

  25. Kingdom: Plantae • Eukaryotic • Cell wall made of cellulose • Multicellular –more than one cell • Autotrophic –photosynthetic – make their own food

  26. What is cellulose? Stiff, interlocking fibers in plants

  27. Examples:

  28. Kingdom: Animalia • Eukaryotic • No cell wall • Multicellular • Heterotrophic –need to get food from other sources (plants and animals)

  29. Animalia

  30. What kingdom are you?

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