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Cellular Respiration

Cellular Respiration. Chapter 9-1. Cellular Respiration. The process in which cells make ATP by breaking down organic compounds, like glucose in the presence of oxygen. SUNLIGHT. PHOTOSYNTHESIS. C6H12O6 + 6O2. 6CO2 + 6H2O. AEROBIC RESPIRATION. Glycolysis.

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Cellular Respiration

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  1. CellularRespiration Chapter 9-1

  2. Cellular Respiration • The process in which cells make ATP by breaking down organic compounds, like glucose in the presence of oxygen. SUNLIGHT PHOTOSYNTHESIS C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O AEROBIC RESPIRATION

  3. Glycolysis • A biochemical pathway in which glucose is used to produce pyruvicacid in the cytoplasm just outside the mitochondria. start (glycolysis) in cytoplasm completed in mitochondrion

  4. Glycolysis - Step #1 • Glucose is split into two, 3-carbon molecules of PGAL, using a couple ATP’s

  5. Glycolysis Step #2 • During this step energy from PGAL is passed to an electron acceptor called NAD, forming NADH.

  6. Glycolysis Step #3 • More ATP’s are made.

  7. Glycolysis #4 • Eventually Pyruvic acids and 2 ATP’s are produced.

  8. PGAL • Made at the beginning of Glycolysis and is converted into 2 molecules of Pyruvic Acid.

  9. Products of Glycolysis • Small amounts of ATP • 2 molecules of Pyruvic Acid ATP

  10. Conclusion and Glycolysis Chart • Location – Cytsol just outside the mitochondria • Function – Breaking down glucose to Pyruvic Acid • Reactants – Glucose ADP and NAD (accepts high energy electrons) • Products – ATP, NADH, Pyruvic • Acid.

  11. Fermentation - Cytosol( without oxygen)Anaerobic Respiration • Process: pyruvic acid (initial reactant )produced from glycolysis is converted to other organic compounds. • Fermentation does not produce ATP but does regenerate NAD+ which keeps glycolysis going.

  12. Pathways of Fermentation • Two main pathways: lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation

  13. Lactic Acid Fermentation • 1. An enzyme converts pyruvic acid into a 3-C molecule called lactic acid (stored in your muscles – Soreness) • 2. During fermentation, NADH is converted into NAD. No ATP is made.

  14. 3 NAD will now recycle back to glycolysis to help break down glucose to produce pyruvic acid. • 4. Regenerating NAD in fermentation ensures the cycle of glycolysis to continue operating. • 5. Products made are – Cheeses, Yogurts, and Lactic Acid.

  15. GLYCOLYSIS C6H12O6 ATP 2 energy input 2 NAD+ 2 ADP NADH 2 ATP 4 2 pyruvate energy output 2 ATP net LACTATE FORMATION electrons, hydrogen from NADH 2 lactate Fig. 7.9, p. 118

  16. Alcoholic Fermentation • An enzyme converts pyruvic acid into ethyl alcohol in two steps: • Step -1. A CO2 molecule is removed from the pyruvic acid, leaving a 2-C molecule

  17. Step 2: Two hydrogen atoms from NADH are added to the 2 - carbon compound to form ethyl alcohol,also recycling NAD to return to • Glycolysis.

  18. Products • Process results in the making of beer, wine, and bread.

  19. GLYCOLYSIS C6H12O6 2 ATP 2 NAD+ energy input 2 ADP NADH 2 ATP 4 2 pyruvate energy output 2 ATP net ETHANOL FORMATION 2 H2O 2 CO2 2 acetaldehyde electrons, hydrogen from NADH Fig. 7.10, p. 119 2 ethanol

  20. Conclusion and Alcoholic Fermentation and Lactic acid Chart • Location – Cytosol • Function – Recycle NAD for glycolysis • Reactants – Pyruvic Acid and NADH • Alcohol Products - – Alcohol, Carbon Dioxide, NAD • Lactic acid Products – Lactic acid and NAD

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