What is the source’s message?

1. What is the source’s message? COMMENT: The source’s message is ..... CONTENT: This is shown by …. and …… CONTEXTwhich refer to.... and……

2. CONTENT Large, angry man, struggling and complaining. CONTENT British and French police Deliberately shown as civilians (not army) COMMENT Enforcing law not defeat CONTENT Background -devastation caused by war CONTEXT Reason for Allied wish for revenge, compensation COMMENT Shows cartoonist thinks Treaty terms weaken + restrict Germany. CONTEXT German complaints - War Guilt etc COMMENT Captionsuggests cartoonist thinks Germany will try to worm out of responsibility for war, BY WHINING. Artist is in favour of stern treaty as Germany big enough to cause later trouble. Shows Germany beaten but still big enough to be dangerous. GIVING HIM ROPE? German criminal (to Allied Police): Here, I say, stop! You’re hurting me! [Aside] If I only whine enough I may be able to wriggle out of this yet!

3. COMMENT Germany unable to pay reparations, because it can’t get its economy moving. France wants to use force; Lloyd George thinks it would be better to relax demands so that Germany’s situation would improve, then it would be able to restart payment CONTENT Germany = sweating horse, off ground because of heavy load – unlimited indemnity =reparations). Briand (France) pulling reins, threatening use of whip; LG (UK) holding shovel - perhaps wants to lighten load? Briand + Lloyd George Lloyd George ‘Perhaps it would gee up better if we let it touch the ground’ CONTEXT France had demanded high reparations (war damage); LG had not wanted too harsh a treaty. No date given, but UK had suggested meeting (Genoa) to discuss ? of reparations – rejected by France. Reparations hated by Germany – non-payment caused Ruhr occupation in 1923.

4. CONTENT A baby, hidden from view of the Big 4, by a pillar of a grand building, is crying. Above his head is 1940 class (when he would be 21 – an adult). At his feet is paper, labelled Peace Treaty. Clemenceau is surprised to hear crying. The title suggests there is a link between the baby’s future and the 1919 peace. Peace and future cannon fodder CONTEXT Clemenceau wanted a harsh treaty, to weaken Germany – not just for revenge – he thought Germany was a threat to peace. Wilson argued for a fair peace. Lloyd George needed to satisfy voters in UK but feared the effects of a harsh treaty. COMMENT Although this was in a British paper, it criticises Versailles, suggesting that it would cause war within 21 years, turning another generation into food for guns. He shows that Clemenceau believes a weak Germany would mean lasting peace, so cannot understand those who said his aims were too harsh. Tiger ‘Curious. I hear a child weeping’ Daily Herald 1919

5. CONTENT Large scroll, labelled Versailles Treaty, with grim, determined looking figure, wearing stereotypical German helmet, labelled ‘Hitler Party’, crawling out. CONTEXT Versailles was signed in 1919 – hated by Germans for many reasons. Hitler had used this hatred to gain support, especially in 1923 (Ruhr occupation – Munich Putsch) but had remained on the edge of politics until 1930, when Germany was hit badly by the Depression and recall of US loans. The Nazis (Hitler Party) gained many votes, with his promises to overturn Versailles. COMMENT The cartoonist doesn’t seem to have a high opinion of Hitler, showing him crawling, perhaps to power (cartoon 1930 – Hitler in power 1933), using Versailles as a protective cover. He could also be criticising Versailles as being responsible for Hitler gaining support. USA had refused to ratify the Treaty – its first move to isolationism Published in USA in 1930.