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BELLRINGER

BELLRINGER. CHAPTER 2 / SECTION 2: VOCABULARY weather monsoons typhoons climate tornadoes El Niño Equator hurricanes La Niña Tropics drought greenhouse effect Tropic of Cancer Tropic of Capricorn. BELLRINGER Thursday, September 20, 2012.

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BELLRINGER

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  1. BELLRINGER CHAPTER 2 / SECTION 2: VOCABULARY weather monsoons typhoons climate tornadoes El Niño Equator hurricanes La Niña Tropics drought greenhouse effect Tropic of Cancer Tropic of Capricorn

  2. BELLRINGERThursday, September 20, 2012 Agree Disagree Agree Disagree Climate refers to the unpredictable changes in air that take place over a short period of time. 2. Monsoons are powerful seasonal winds that blow over continents for months at a time.

  3. Chapter 2: Water, Climate, and VegetationSection 2: Climate I. Weather and Climate A. Weather refers to the unpredictable changes in air that take place over a short period of time. Climate is the usual, predictable pattern of weather in an area over a long period of time.

  4. B. Climate is affected by the sun, the wind, the oceans and other bodies of water, landforms, and even people. C. To understand an area’s climate, scientists look at extremes of temperature and precipitation.

  5. Effects on Climate: 1.__________ 2.__________ 3.__________ 4.__________ 5.__________ 6.__________

  6. II. The Sun and Climate A. The original source of climate is the sun. Wind and water carry the sun’s heat around the globe. B. A place’s climate is also affected by its latitude. The sun’s rays hit the earth more directly at low latitudes. Places at higher latitudes receive only angled rays of the sun.

  7. C. The areas near the Equator are known as the Tropics. They lie between the Tropic of Cancer (231⁄2°N latitude) and the Tropic of Capricorn (231⁄2°S latitude). The Tropics experience a hot climate year-round.

  8. III. The Wind’s Effect on Climate Movements of air are called winds. Winds follow typical patterns, affecting climate. B. Monsoons are powerful seasonal winds that blow over continents for months at a time. They are found mainly in Asia and some areas in Africa.

  9. C. Thunderstorms sometimes produce tornadoes, or funnel-shaped windstorms. Although they occur all over the world, the United States experiences more tornadoes than any other area.

  10. D. Violent tropical storms called hurricanes form over the warm waters of the Atlantic Ocean in the late summer and early fall. Hurricanes usually strike the Caribbean islands and North America. When the same type of storm hits Asia, it is called a typhoon.

  11. GROUP WORK: • Analyze the hurricane diagram below… WHAT CONDITIONS ARE NEEDED TO CREATE A HURRICANE?

  12. E. A long period of extended dryness is called a drought.

  13. F. El Niño - a unique combination of temperature, wind, and water effects in the Pacific Ocean - last occurred in 1998. El Niños occur about every three years and form when cold winds from the east are weak and the Pacific Ocean gets warmer than usual. When the opposite kind of unusual weather takes place, the event is known as La Niña.

  14. IV. Ocean Currents A. Moving streams of water called currents carry warm or cool water through the world’s oceans. B. These currents affect the climate of land areas. Winds that blow over warm currents, for example, carry warm air to land areas.

  15. V. Landforms and Climate A. The shape of land and the location of landforms in relation to one another and to water also affect climate. B. Local winds are patterns of wind caused by landforms in a particular area. Some local winds occur because land warms and cools more quickly than water. As a result, cool sea breezes keep coastal areas cool during the day. After the sunsets, the land cools down, and cool breezes blow out to sea.

  16. C. The higher the elevation a place has, the cooler it will be. D. As air moves up the windward side of mountain peaks, it becomes cool and loses its moisture. The air that crosses over the peaks is dry, creating a rain shadow. A rain shadow is a dry area on the leeward side of the mountains. The dry air of a rain shadow warms up again as it moves down mountainsides, giving the region a dry or desert climate.

  17. VI. The Impact of People on Climate A. People’s actions affect climate. For example, cities are warmer than rural areas because streets and buildings absorb more heat than plants and trees do. In addition, people burn fuels, which raises temperatures.

  18. B. In the past 200 years, people have burned coal, oil, and natural gas as sources of energy. The buildup of the gases from the burning of these substances has prevented warm air from rising and escaping into the atmosphere. This is known as the greenhouse effect, in which the earth’s temperature will increase.

  19. GROUP WORK: USING YOUR KNOWLEDGE: What man-made problems contribute to the Greenhouse Effect?

  20. C. Dense forests that receive high amounts of rain each year are known as rain forests. People burn trees to clear rain forests, which leads to the greenhouse effect. Also, less water evaporates if there are fewer trees, decreasing rainfall.

  21. EXIT STRATEGY:

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