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Digestive System

This comprehensive overview of the human digestive system covers key anatomical structures, including the lips, mouth, tongue, salivary glands, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas. It outlines essential physiological functions such as ingestion, digestion, absorption, and elimination, emphasizing the role of peristalsis. Additionally, common disorders like diverticulitis, hernias, and gallbladder disease are discussed. This guide serves as a vital resource for understanding digestive health and terminology.

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Digestive System

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  1. Digestive System Medical Terminology

  2. Structures • Lips (cheil/o) • Mouth (stomat/o0 • Tongue (gloss/o; lingu/o) • Salivary glands • Sublingual • Submandibular • Parotid • Pharynx • Esophagus • Stomach (gastr/o) • Small intestine • Duodenum • Jejunum • Ileum (hip = ilium) • Large intestine • Cecum • Ascending • Transverse • Descending • Sigmoid • Rectum • Anus

  3. Structures • Liver (hepat/o) • Hepatic duct • Gallbladder • Cystic duct • Cholecyst/o • Chole = bile • Cyst = bladder • Common bile duct • Pancreas • Pancreatic duct

  4. Functions (physiology) All functions aided by “PERISTALSIS” • Ingestion • Digestion (pepsis) • Mechanical • Mouth • stomach • Chemical • Mouth • Stomach • Duodenum • Pancreas • Absorption • Jejunum • Ileum • Elimination

  5. Absorption • Key to rapidity & completeness: • Increase surface area • Rugae/ plicae • Villi • Microvilli

  6. System Terminology • Gingiv/0 = gums (gingivitis) • Gastr/o = stomach • Gastrectomy/ gastrotomy/ gastrostomy • Enter/o = small intestine (enteritis) • Proct/o; rect/o = rectal (proctologist) • Eupepsis/ dyspepsia/ peptic ulcer

  7. System Terminology • Obstructed bowel • Volvulus • Intussusception

  8. Diverticula in the sigmoid colon. Diverticulosis is almost always located in the descending or sigmoid colon. Diverticulosis /diverticulitis • Diverticula • Diverticulosis • Diverticulitis

  9. Hernia (-cele) • Types of hernia • called hernias or –celes • umbilical hernia • umbilicocele • Strangulated (no blood) • Inguinal • Hiatal • In a hiatal hernia part of the stomach protrudes through the esophageal opening in the diaphragm.

  10. Gallbladder disease • Cholelithiasis • Choledocholithiasis • Cholecystitis

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