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Noeplasia II Epidemiology of Cancer

Noeplasia II Epidemiology of Cancer. Husni Maqboul, M.D. Epidemiology Of Cancer. Cancer: A significant health problem, second only to heart disease with regard to morbidity and mortality Responsible for 564,000 deaths in 1998 Accounted for 23 % of all deaths

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Noeplasia II Epidemiology of Cancer

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  1. Noeplasia IIEpidemiology of Cancer Husni Maqboul, M.D

  2. Epidemiology Of Cancer • Cancer: A significant health problem, second only to heart disease with regard to morbidity and mortality • Responsible for 564,000 deaths in 1998 • Accounted for 23 % of all deaths • Residents of U.S.A. have a one in five chance of dying of cancer • Over 1,000,000 new cases each year (excluding 1 mln. cases of non-melanoma skin cancer ) • EVERY BODY HAS HIS CANCER, HE JUST HAS TO LIVE LONG ENOUGH TO GET IT

  3. Cancer, Endogenous &Exogenous factors

  4. Cancer, Exogenous & endogenous factors • The only certain way of avoiding cancer is not to be born !!!!!

  5. Environmental Carcinogens • Drugs: antineoplastic, immune suppressing etc.. • Organic chemicals: Insecticides, herbicides, aromatic hydrocarbons, etc.. • Cigarette Smoke • Ethanol • Heavy Metals • Sexually transmitted viruses: HTLV-I, Herpes simplex, Human papilloma virus • Radiation: Ultraviolet light

  6. Age and Cancer • Cancer Mortality by Age for Males

  7. Cancer Mortality by Age for Females

  8. Heredity and Cancer • Hereditary predisposition • Clustering of environmentally induced cancers in families. • Close relatives of cancer patients have three times greater risk of developing the same neoplasm. • Close relatives of patients with breast, colon, or endocrine cancers have greater than three times risk for developing the same neoplasm. • Increased cancer risk with inherited mutations of cancer suppressor genes such as Rb and p53.

  9. Heredity and Cancer • Inherited Cancer Syndromes • Specific sites and tissue involved in each syndrome • Tumors often associated with specific marker phenotype ( benign tumors, café-au-lait spots ) • Incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity

  10. Heredity and Cancer • Familial Cancers • Early age of onset • Tumors arise in two or more close relatives • Some times multiple and bilateral • No specific marker phenotype • ? Inherited or mutant genes e.g BRCA-1 & BRCA-2

  11. Heredity and Cancer

  12. Acquired Preneoplastic Syndromes • Proliferative lesions • Regenerative cell replication • Hyperplastic proliferation • Neoplastic - Villous and tubular adenomas • Dysplastic lesions • Clinically correlated • Atrophic gastritis • U.C and Crohn’s disease • Leukoplakia

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