Cells are organized into tissues Epithelial- protection, secretion, absorption

1. Cells are organized into tissues Epithelial- protection, secretion, absorption surfaces (of body, organs) glands Connective- support, adhesion widely distributed Muscle- movement heart; internal organs; attached to bone Nervous- sensory input and output brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves

2. Epithelial tissues “sheets of cells” form barriers Secretion (exocrine glands) Absorption (specialized membrane) Transport Classified by shape

3. Squamous epithelium Simple- single layer of flattened cells diffusion (alveoli) filtration (blood vessels)

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5. Simple cuboidal Cells are more “cubelike” than squamous cells Cover ovaries; line kidney tubules; various endocrine glands Secretion, absorption

7. Simple columnar epithelium Uterus, digestive tract Absorption (of food) Secretion (of digestive enzymes, acids, etc.) Goblet cells secrete mucus May have microvilli Glandular epithelium generally is columnar or cuboidal (exocrine, endocrine)

9. Pseudostratified columnar epithelium Cilated; also contains goblet cells Lines respiratory passageways Specialized to trap and remove airborne particles

11. Stratified epithelium Where “wear and tear” occur Stratified squamous outer layers are keratinized in skin not on internal surfaces: mouth, throat, vagina, anus Stratified cuboidal- certain glands Straitified columnar- urethra, vas deferens Transitional epithelium- bladder allows bladder to stretch

12. Connective tissues are the most diverse in form and function Generally a few cells scattered in an extracellular matrix Matrix: fibers and ground substance, either fluid, flexible or rigid (Fluid: blood, lymph Flexible: loose connective tissue, adipose, dense Rigid: bone, cartilage)

13. Fibroblasts: produce fibers that anchor the matrix Macrophages, mast cells- involved in immune response What kind of fibers? collagen, esp. in tendons and ligaments elastic fibers- in “stretchy” parts of body reticular fibers

14. Loose connective tissue Underneath most epithelium Well vascularized

15. Dense connective tissue Tendons, ligaments, deep layers of skin Poorly vascularized

16. Adipose tissue Energy storage, insulation, cushioning

17. Cartilage Hyaline-associated with bones Elastic cartilage- larynx, ears Fibrocartilage- vertebrae, knees, pelvis

19. Bone-matrix is mineralized Well nourished nonetheless

20. Membranes comprised of epithelium and connective tissue (usu. loose) Cutaneous- outermost membrane (skin) Serous- sealed body cavities (thoracic, abdominal, etc.) Mucous- line structures with access outside the body (respiratory, digestive, repro- ductive Synovial- between/within joints

21. Blood- liquid matrix Supportive, in a way Important for homeostasis

22. Muscle is specialized for contraction Three types- skeletal, smooth voluntary Differ in distribution, mechanism of contraction and regulation

23. Skeletal muscle- voluntary, striated

24. Smooth muscle- internal organs Involuntary, not striated

25. Cardiac muscle Cells are branched and striated Involuntary control

26. Nervous tissue Neurons, glial cells Neurons transmit electrical signals Glial cells provide support functions

27. Organs contain all the tissues Epithelium- protective surface, absorption, secretion where appropriate Connective tissue- hold organ together Muscle (depending on organ) – whatever type of contraction or movement Nervous- sensory and motor response