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Chemistry Unit Five

Chemistry Unit Five. Acids and Bases. Produces H + ions in water (hydronium) Formula starts with H Sour taste Break down metals Poisonous and corrosive to skin pH less than 7. Produces OH - ions in water (hydroxide) Formula ends with OH Bitter taste, slippery feel

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Chemistry Unit Five

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  1. Chemistry Unit Five Acids and Bases

  2. Produces H+ ions in water (hydronium) Formula starts with H Sour taste Break down metals Poisonous and corrosive to skin pH less than 7 Produces OH- ions in water (hydroxide) Formula ends with OH Bitter taste, slippery feel Break down fats & oils Poisonous and corrosive to skin pH greater than 7 Acids and Bases

  3. pH Scale • Numeric scale that shows the acidity or basicity (alkalinity) of substances. 0 7 14 Strong Acid Weak Acid Neutral Weak Base Strong Base

  4. pH Indicators • Chemical substance that changes color in an acid or a base. • pH paper; paper strips dipped in universal indicator; red in acid, green in neutral substance, purple in base: match the color to a number on the vial to determine pH • Litmus paper; paper strips dipped in red and blue litmus; If red stays red and blue turns red = acid If red turns blue and blue stays blue = base If red stays red and blue stays blue = neutral

  5. Litmus Test • Tells definitively whether the substance is an acid or base. “Litmus Test” • Dip one red and one blue strip & check results: Red, Red = Acid Blue, Blue = Base Red, Blue = Neutral

  6. Neutralization Reactions • When an acid is added to a base, they neutralize each other. (ie, the end products are neutral) • Acid + Base  Salt + Water HCl + NaOH  NaCl + H2O H2SO4 + Al(OH)3  Al2(SO4)3 + H2O • Salt – the neutral product of an acid/base rxn

  7. Write Balanced Chemical Equations for the following Reactions. • Sulfuric acid and Calcium hydroxide • Hydrobromic acid and Aluminum hydroxide • Phosphoric acid and sodium hydroxide • Name the salt formed in each reaction.

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