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Sarah Boyle 1 & Wilson Spironello 2 1 Arizona State University, USA

Forest Fragmentation Leads to Behavioral Changes in the Bearded Saki, Chiropotes satanas chiropotes. Sarah Boyle 1 & Wilson Spironello 2 1 Arizona State University, USA 2 Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Brazil sarahannboyle@gmail.com. Amazonia forest: Largest rainforest.

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Sarah Boyle 1 & Wilson Spironello 2 1 Arizona State University, USA

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  1. Forest Fragmentation Leads to Behavioral Changes in the Bearded Saki, Chiropotes satanas chiropotes Sarah Boyle 1 & Wilson Spironello 2 1 Arizona State University, USA 2 Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Brazil sarahannboyle@gmail.com

  2. Amazonia forest: Largest rainforest

  3. Deforestation: Global problem • 13 million ha/yr lost (FAO 2007) • Amazon: Largest rainforest • 2.4 million ha/yr lost in Brazilian Amazon • (Laurance et al. 2004)

  4. Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project Richard Bierregaard, Jr.

  5. Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project (BDFFP) - Study Site

  6. Forest fragments – Isolation 1980-90

  7. Study Areas

  8. Seasons

  9. Primate behaviour and ecology research at BDFFP

  10. Bearded Saki Monkey • Not much known • Defies convention: • Large home range • Large group size • Highly frugivorous • Seeds (ripe, unripe) Luiz Claudio Marigo/WRPC Archives

  11. Research Question • How does forest fragmentation affect the behavioral ecology of the northern bearded saki monkey? • Group size • Matrix use • Activity budget • Diet • Spatial patterns Luiz Claudio Marigo/WRPC Archives

  12. Primate Census • 1980-2006 • Rylands and Keuroghlian (1988) • Schwarzkopf and Rylands (1989) • Gilbert (2003) • Boyle (2008) • Line transects

  13. Data Collection 2003-2006 • Track for 3 days/cycle • Group scan samples • GPS location • Group size/composition • Behavior • Diet

  14. Distribution 2003-2006 Present Absent 100 ha 10 ha 1 ha

  15. Distribution 2003-2006 Present Absent NOT ISOLATED 100 ha 10 ha 1 ha

  16. Home Range • Continuous forest: 300-600 ha • Permanent residents of fragments: 3% of “normal” home range vs. 430 ha 10 ha

  17. Group Size Density F(3,3)= 43.80, P = 0.0056 F(3,3)= 35.75, P = 0.0076

  18. Activity Budget

  19. Diet Continuous Forest 100-ha Fragments 10-ha Fragments Seeds 83% Fruit 17% X Diet vs. Forest size

  20. Diet • 244 species • 2% consumed in all sites • 60% consumed at only one site • Trees with fruit (phenological surveys) • 36% species never consumed

  21. F(3,3) = 155.13, P < 0.001 Distance Traveled F(3,3)= 52.20, P = 0.0043 F(3,3)= 431.78, P < 0.001

  22. Distance 10-ha fragment Distance: 3.09 km 8 ha = total area used Continuous forest Distance: 4.07 km 96 ha = total area used

  23. Revisits F(3,3)= 103.34, P = 0.0016

  24. Overview of Findings • Can reside in small patches • But small, high-density groups • No births in small fragments during study • Avoid low-growth matrix • Diet differences • Nutritional differences? • Spatial patterns vary • Home range, distance traveled, circular routes

  25. Future Directions • Monitor population • (movement, births) • Analysis of use of • secondary forest R. Bierregaard, Jr. • Nutritional analyses of diet • Continued examination of factors predicting vulnerability to fragmentation

  26. Acknowledgements Waldete Castro Lourenço Lívia Rodrigues da Silva Alaercio Marajo dos Réis Osmaildo Ferreria da Silva Lucas da Silva Mergulhão Alexandro Elias dos Santos Regina Luizão Charles Zartman Funding Arizona State University Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Fulbright/IIE Providing Educational Opportunities (PEO) Margot Marsh Biodiversity Foundation Organization for Tropical Studies National Science Foundation Primate Conservation, Inc. American Society of Primatologists IDEA WILD

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