1. Teaching learning methods RakeshBiswas MD, Professor, Department of Medicine, People's College of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, India, Medical education workshop People’s College of Medical Sciences 21st October 2008

2. Problems in Medical Education:Too much information, too little time, too many students in crowded rooms, and exams that discourage real learning.Advan. Physiol. Edu. 31: 283-287, 2007

3. How we learn/learnt… When we were medical students… And now…are we still learning or just teaching?

4. Teaching learning theory in medical education suggests that medical students and physicians will learn best when learning • Is in the context of patient care, • Answers their questions, • Is not directly applicable to their work, • Does not take too much time.

5. “Half of what you are taught as medical students will in 10 years have been shown to be wrong.”And the trouble is none of your teachers know which half.”So the most important thing to learn is “how to learn on your own”.Dr. Sydney Burwell, Dean Harvard Medical School In: Evidence based medicine, Sackett et al, 2000: 31

6. Top down and bottom up Approaches to teaching learning in Medical education

7. The old way of learning, was knowing what you should know. BMJ  2003;327:1430-1433

8. Now the way of learning is knowing what you don't know, not feeling bad about it, and knowing how to find out. BMJ  2003;327:1430-1433 

9. Uncertainty was discouraged and ignorance avoided. Now, uncertainty is legitimized and questioning encouraged BMJ  2003;327:1430-1433

10. Medical education was learning by humiliation, with naming, shaming, and blaming. Now, students are encouraged to question received wisdom. BMJ  2003;327:1430-1433

11. Active learning means:1) increasing study activity during exam time2) learning as a self directed student generated participatory activity3) Studying must know factual content and topping exams4) Learning and accepting the content offered by teachers

12. Teaching/learning methods

14. Traditional structured text book learning Background …is a …disorder characterized by increased… Pathophysiology …is an acquired abnormality that involves the… History The clinical manifestations of … are

15. PEOPLE”S COLLEGE OF MEDICAL SCIENCESDEPARTMENT OF MEDICINESESSIONAL EXAMINATION Time: 3 HoursMax. Marks: 100?Answer all questions?Answer each section in a separate answer book.SECTION – ‘A’ 1) A 37-year-old lady, has come with 3 months history of generalized ill health and a dragging sensation in her left hypochondria. On examination her spleen is massively enlarged. a) What are the possible causes? b) Describe investigations and treatment. (4+3+3)

16. Differentials: • Myeloproliferative disorders • Infections • Storage disorders • Hemolytic anemia

17. In Problem based learning the role of the teacher is: • That of an active enthusiast in student learning • Active instructor who explains all their student’s queries • That of a facilitator who talks only minimally • Passive mentor who doesn’t take much interest

19. Summary: Learning points-

23. Create your own method

25. Summary: Medical education can be patient centeredAmple content in our day to day practiceFormative Assessment needs to be stressed

26. To teach individual self-directed learning competencies, the following are important: • (1) Situate learners to experience "real" problems; • (2) encourage learners to reflect on their own performance; • (3) Create an educational atmosphere in clinical training situations. • (4) Encourage learners to memorize factual content that is not contextual.

27. Feedback Please let me know your thoughts: • Your idea of an ideal teaching learning method • What were the positive and negative aspects of this presentation? • Would you go about implementing patient centered learning in your curriculum and how?