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Nutrition And Management Strategies In Livestock Production

Nutrition And Management Strategies In Livestock Production. Awosanmi Olugbenga Ph.D., M.B.A. General Manager Folawiyo Farms Ltd, Ilora. Goals Of Livestock Production. To produce meat, milk,egg &fish as food items A very large and global industry.

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Nutrition And Management Strategies In Livestock Production

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  1. Nutrition And Management Strategies In Livestock Production Awosanmi Olugbenga Ph.D., M.B.A. General Manager Folawiyo Farms Ltd, Ilora

  2. Goals Of Livestock Production • To produce meat, milk,egg &fish as food items • A very large and global industry

  3. WORLD FEED PRODUCTION Projected Animal and Poultry Feed Production for 1997(M tonnes)

  4. Nutrition • Basis for sound health and profitable livestock production • 70% of Total Production Costs in Intensive Animal Production Systems • Profits is frequently only 12-15% of total feed costs • Importance underlined by changing concepts- Optimum Nutrition, Total Nutrition.

  5. Production Costs Frozen Chicken % • Doc 28.65 • Feed 43.58 • Drugs &Vaccines 9.15 • Overheads 11.56 • Energy 4.03 • Labour 1.85 • Miscellaneous 1.18

  6. Production Costs Eggs % • Feed 54.29 • Labour 2.09 • Drugs & Vaccines 0.16 • Overheads 39.70 • Miscellaneous 3.76

  7. NUTRIENTS Carbohydrates Fats Minerals Proteins Vitamins Water NUTRICINES Antioxidants(Bht/Bha) Colours(Carophyll) Emulsifiers(Lecithin) Enzymes(Roxazyme G) Flavours(Essential oils) Organic acids(Biotronic) TOTAL NUTRITION

  8. TOTAL NUTRITION contd • NUTRIENTS are the generally recognized components of feed such as Carbohydrates etc • NUTRICINES are components of feeds that exert a beneficial effect upon health and metabolism, yet are not direct nutrients

  9. Nutrition In Practice1 • Quality of Feed Ingredients -adulteration (oyster-shells/bone-meal mixed with sand) -GNC with shell - methionine with starch - moist maize with dry maize

  10. Nutrition In Practice 2 • High bacteria load(colliforms,salmonella,etc • Blood-meal, fish-meal esp 65%,Bone-meal

  11. Nutrition In Practice 3 • Mycotoxin contamination(Aflatoxins, Ochratoxins,Fumonisins,Tricothecenes etc) Groundnut cake, Maize Use of Mycotoxin binders/detoxifiers • Vitamin mineral premix potency/expiry(cold storage, procurement in small batches)

  12. Proximate Analysis Of Some Ingredients On Farm

  13. Proximate Analysis Of Some Ingredients On Farm2

  14. Proximate Analysis of Some Ingredients On Farm3

  15. Proximate Analysis of Some Ingredients On Farm4

  16. Nutrition In Practice 4 • Ration Formulation to meet specifications • Least cost programmes • Spread sheet short cut • Calorie/protein ratio • Mix of ingredients for balance e.g protein- soybean meal/fish- meal/cotton seedcake/groundnut cake/palmkernel cake Minerals-Limestone/oyster shell Bone-meal/calcium di-phosphate

  17. Nutrition In Practice 5 • Ensure proper/adequate mixing(15mins for vertical mixers) • Ensure appropriate particle size • Use of Alternative Ingredients Maize-Wheat/Rice-meal/ Biscuit crumbs .Use of oil for broilers also for large egg size(linoleic acid), good for dry season because of heat increment, full fat soya very useful

  18. Nutrition In Practice 6 • Monitoring of feed intake • Effect of heat stress- feeding in cool hours of the day • Adjutment of nutrient levels to make up for drop in intake • Use of ice blocks, vitamin C, planting of shade trees • Freshness of feed • Palatability • Availability of clean water • Pelleting of feed

  19. MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES • Geo-climatic changes due to Ozone layer depletion(green-house effect) exerting environmental stress • Ambient temperatures peaks @ 39-40 oC often with high RH • Results in high mortality and heavy production losses

  20. Panacea • Environmental control • Tunnel ventillation • Ceiling fans • Poly-urethane under coating of roof • Alluminium/asbestos roofing • Thatching of roof

  21. Management Strategies 2 • Optimum size/scale of operations • With declining profit margins, volume becomes a matter of must (mega size)

  22. Integration to various extents from backward to forward very useful Diversification into complementary areas Poultry and Aquaculture Waste to wealth Table fish-Fingerling production- Fish feed production Feed raw materials- Feed production Management Strategies 3

  23. Diversification • Aquaculture

  24. Pond construction • Excellent returns

  25. Diversification • Fingerling Hatchery

  26. Fingerling Hatchery • High pottentials

  27. Fingerling Production

  28. Diversification • Fish pellets production

  29. Diversification • Fish feed production

  30. Diversification • Crop processing • Multi-grain thresher • Nova Technologies

  31. Diversification • Snail Rearing

  32. Diversification • Ruminant production

  33. Diversification • Cattle

  34. Forward Integration • Marketing • Wholesale • Retail

  35. Backward Integration • Hedge against inflation • Efficient utilization of resources

  36. Environmental Control • Good cost recovery • Sahlmet- Germany

  37. Management Strategy • Environmental control • Roof thatching

  38. Training • Management retreat • In-house, external training • Net-working with stake holders • International trade fairs/ courses

  39. Health Management • Becoming very challenging with increasing disease risks, build-up of disease resistance ,poor quality of inputs(doc, vaccines,drugs,feed ingredients,spare-parts etc) • Calls for dynamism with emphasis on prevention,biosecurity, and good technical back-up(serology, bacteriology and drug sensitivity tests)

  40. Need to have good hold on competition,excellent customer service and efficient net-work for information and knowledge Need to participate actively in pressure group activities to protect interests and promote good interphase with policy makers and regulatory bodies Management Strategies

  41. Thank You • An invited paper presented at Animal Science Department, University Of Ibadan on Thursday,31st August 2006

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