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2014

Výukový materiál MB 04 - 99 Tvůrce: Mgr. Šárka Vopěnková Tvůrce anglické verze: ThMgr. Ing. Jiří Foller Projekt: S anglickým jazykem do dalších předmětů Registrační číslo: CZ.1.07/1.1.36/03.0005 Tento projekt je spolufinancován ESF a SR ČR. 2014. BACTERIA AND ALGAE.

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2014

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  1. Výukový materiál MB 04 - 99 Tvůrce: Mgr. Šárka Vopěnková Tvůrce anglické verze: ThMgr. Ing. Jiří Foller Projekt: S anglickým jazykem do dalších předmětů Registrační číslo: CZ.1.07/1.1.36/03.0005 Tento projekt je spolufinancován ESF a SR ČR 2014 BACTERIA AND ALGAE

  2. STRUCTURE OF BACTERIAL CELL

  3. spherical shape = cocci • diplococci • chains – streptococci • grape-like formations (clusters) – staphylococci • stick-shaped form– sticks • bacilli: • stick-shaped bacteria • the have got spores inside • resistant against adverse influences SHAPES OF BACTERIA

  4. DESCRIBE SHAPES OF BACTERIA

  5. loosely placed only one DNA • circular • DNA = one chromosome = nucleoid • it carries about 3.500 genes • nucleoid attached to the cytoplasmic membrane in 2 places STRUCTURE OF BACTERIA - DNA

  6. asexually > transversal binary division • one circular DNA duplicates • 2 identic copies originate • the cell grows • plasmatic membrane infolds • division of mother cell into two daughter cells • the same genetic information REPRODUCTION OF BACTERIA

  7. TRANSVERSE DIVISION

  8. DESCRIBE THE PICTURE

  9. bacteria have lived on the Earth for 3,5 billion years • in the soil, water, air, in bodies of animals and plants • they need energy and a source of carbon: • phototrophic bacteria: they use the solar energy • chemotrophic: they gain the energy from the oxidation of chemical substances • autotrophic: source of carbon from CO2 • heterotrophic: source of carbon from organic substances NUTRITION

  10. 1)phototrophic bacteria • they use solar energy • photosynthesis >> the source of hydrogen is not the water but hydrogen sulphide or directly molecular hydrogen!! • they never release oxygen like green plants and algae • photo-autotrophic bacteria : as the source of carbon is used carbon dioxide • photo-heterotrophic bacteria : as the source of carbon is used organic substances CLASSIFICATION OF BACTERIA ACCORDING TO METABOLISM

  11. 2) chemo-trophic bacteria : • they gain energy from oxidation of organic or inorganic substances • a) chemo-autotrophic bacteria: • oxidation of inorganic substances • b) chemo-heterotrophic bacteria: • oxidation of organic substances – fermentation or respiration •  most common!!! • saprophytic bacteria > they mineralize organic substances • Into inorganic accompanied by release of heat • parasitic bacteria CLASSIFICATION OF BACTERIA ACCORDING TO METABOLISM

  12. 1) aerobic bacteria: • they use aerobic oxygen 2) anaerobic bacteria: • without air oxygen • they gain energy from fermentation of organic substances, especially glucose = glycolysis • Lactobacillus bulgaricus • it ferments lactose into pyroracemid acid > further into lactic acid • importance in dairy industry CLASSIFICATION OF BACTERIA ACCORDING TO OXYGEN

  13. obligatory anaerobic bacteria: • they permanently live without air oxygen • oxygen is for them poisonous • facultatively anaerobic: • they can live with or without oxygen CLASSIFICATION OF BACTERIA ACCORDING TO OXYGEN

  14. JELÍNEK, Jan a Vladimír ZICHÁČEK. Biologie pro gymnázia: teoretická a praktická část. 2. dopl. a rozš. vyd. Olomouc: Nakladatelství Olomouc, 1998. ISBN 80-718-2050-4 • KUBIŠTA, Václav. Obecná biologie. Praha: Fortuna, 2000, ISBN 80-7168-714-6. • CHALUPOVÁ - KARLOVÁ, Vlastimila. Obecná biologie. Olomouc: Nakladatelství Olomouc, 2010, ISBN 978-80-7182-282-0. • ZÁVODSKÁ, Radka. Biologie buněk. Praha: Scientia, 2006, ISBN 80-86960-15-3. • ROSYPAL, Stanislav. Nový přehled biologie. 1. vyd. Praha: Scientia, 2003, 797 s. ISBN 80-718-3268-5 SOURCES

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