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Splash Screen. Chapter Menu. Chapter Introduction. Founding the American Colonies. Life in Colonial America. Trouble in the Colonies. War of Independence. Chapter Assessment. Chapter Introduction 1. Chapter Introduction 2. Founding in the American Colonies

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  1. Splash Screen

  2. Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Founding the American Colonies Life in Colonial America Trouble in the Colonies War of Independence Chapter Assessment

  3. Chapter Introduction 1

  4. Chapter Introduction 2 FoundingintheAmericanColonies Geography shapes the physical, economic, and political challenges a region faces.Peoples of various cultures and religions settled the early North American colonies.

  5. Chapter Introduction 3 Life in Colonial America Geography shapes the physical, economic, and political challenges a region faces.Although the regions of colonial America differed, an American identity was growing.

  6. Chapter Introduction 4 Trouble in the Colonies Political ideas and major events shape how people form governments. British policies came into conflict with American ideas about self-government.

  7. Chapter Introduction 5 War of Independence Political ideas and major events shape how people form governments.The United States declared independence in 1776, but it took several years of war and turmoil to earn recognition as a new nation.

  8. End of Chapter Introduction

  9. Section 1-Guide to Reading 3 charter burgess Mayflower Compact constitution toleration dissenter persecute diversity debtor survive grant military

  10. I. Settlements in America (page 117) Section 1-Daily Lesson Notes 2 A. By the 1600s most Spanish colonies were in the Caribbean, Mexico, and Central America, and most French and English colonies were in North America. B. During the 1600s the Spanish built settlements along the edge of their American empire, such as those in Florida and New Mexico. These settlements were intended to keep other Europeans out of Spanish territory.

  11. I. Settlements in America (page 117) Section 1-Daily Lesson Notes 3 C. The Spanish also set up missions, or religious communities, in the northern frontier to teach Christianity to the Native Americans. D. The French came to America to make money in the fur trade. Samuel de Champlain was a French explorer who set up a trading post named Quebec, in what is now Canada.

  12. I. Settlements in America (page 117) Section 1-Daily Lesson Notes 4 E. From Quebec other French fur trappers traveled into other parts of North America. F. René-Robert Cavalier, Sieur de La Salle, followed the Mississippi River to the Gulf of Mexico, naming the region Louisiana in honor of France’s king. G. The Dutch founded settlements in North America. They set up a trading post in the area of present-day New York State. The capital of their new settlement, New Amsterdam, was located at the tip of Manhattan Island, where New York City is today.

  13. I. Settlements in America (page 117) Section 1-Daily Lesson Notes 5 What was the purpose of missionaries? Missionaries set up missions in North America to teach Native Americans Christianity and European ways.

  14. II. The Virginia Colony (page 119) Section 1-Daily Lesson Notes 6 A. A group of English colonists financed by Sir Walter Raleigh set up a colony on Roanoke Island off the coast of present-day North Carolina. After six years, the colonists disappeared. This colony became known as the “Lost Colony.” B. The Virginia Company, an English joint-stock company, received a charter, or right to organize a settlement. It founded the first permanent English settlement in North America. The settlement was named Jamestown after King James I.

  15. II. The Virginia Colony (page 119) Section 1-Daily Lesson Notes 7 C. Life in Virginia was difficult. Many settlers starved, and others were killed in clashes with Native Americans. Captain John Smith, the leader of the colony, forced the settlers to farm. D. The Virginia colony might have failed if John Rolfe had not discovered that tobacco could be grown. Tobacco became the first crop in the English colonies to be grown in large quantities and sold for profit.

  16. II. The Virginia Colony (page 119) Section 1-Daily Lesson Notes 8 E. The Virginia Company gave the colonists the right to elect burgesses, or representatives, from among male landowners. F. The first House of Burgesses, which set an example for representative government, met in 1619.

  17. II. The Virginia Colony (page 119) Section 1-Daily Lesson Notes 9 Click the map to view a dynamic version.

  18. II. The Virginia Colony (page 119) Section 1-Daily Lesson Notes 10 What happened to the colony on Roanoke Island? The colonists on Roanoke Island survived for six years, but then they suddenly disappeared without explanation. This is why the settlement is known as the “Lost Colony.”

  19. III. The 13 Colonies (pages 120–124) Section 1-Daily Lesson Notes 11 A. Some English colonists, such as the Puritans and the Separatists, settled in North America to practice their religion freely, not to gain wealth. B. A group of Separatists called Pilgrims arrived in 1620. They were headed for Virginia, but a strong wind blew them off course, causing them to land north of Cape Cod in present-day Massachusetts. They called this landing place Plymouth.

  20. III. The 13 Colonies (pages 120–124) Section 1-Daily Lesson Notes 12

  21. III. The 13 Colonies (pages 120–124) Section 1-Daily Lesson Notes 13 C. The Pilgrims signed a formal document called the Mayflower Compact to set up a civil government. The signers promised to obey laws passed for the general good of the colony. The Pilgrims governed themselves for 70 years before becoming part of a Puritan colony called Massachusetts. D. The Puritans were encouraged by the Pilgrims’ success and began leaving England for North America. They founded the colony of Massachusetts and its capital, Boston. The Puritans created a colonial legislature and made their faith the official religion.

  22. III. The 13 Colonies (pages 120–124) Section 1-Daily Lesson Notes 14 E. Settlers in Connecticut, led by Thomas Hooker, adopted a plan of government called the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut in 1639. This was the first written constitution, or formal plan of government, in America. F.Roger Williams founded the colony of Rhode Island. He was banned from Massachusetts for his radical ideas. Rhode Island had a policy of religious toleration, the acceptance of different beliefs, and became a safe place for dissenters, or people who disagreed with established views.

  23. III. The 13 Colonies (pages 120–124) Section 1-Daily Lesson Notes 15 G. England had two clusters of colonies, the New England colonies such as Massachusetts in the north, and the agricultural colonies such as Virginia in the south. The land between the English colonies was controlled by the Dutch and became known as the Middle Colonies. They included New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and Delaware.

  24. III. The 13 Colonies (pages 120–124) Section 1-Daily Lesson Notes 16 H. Settlers who went to the area that is today New York were searching for wealth. The English took control of the port of New Amsterdam from the Dutch. England’s king gave the area of New Netherland to his brother, who renamed it New York. New Amsterdam became New York City. An appointed governor and council directed New York’s affairs.

  25. III. The 13 Colonies (pages 120–124) Section 1-Daily Lesson Notes 17 I. The Quakers had been persecuted, or treated harshly because of their beliefs or differences, in England. They founded the colony of Pennsylvania on land received by William Penn. Penn granted colonists the right to elect representatives to the legislature. J. Virginia was part of the Southern Colonies. Virginia prospered because of tobacco. New settlers settled inland on land belonging to Native Americans. After a Native American revolt, the Virginia Company lost its charter. The colony then became a royal colony, with a governor and council appointed by the king.

  26. III. The 13 Colonies (pages 120–124) Section 1-Daily Lesson Notes 18 K. George Calvert wanted a safe place for Catholics. He received a grant to settle a colony north of Virginia. His son, Cecilius Calvert, took charge of the colony after George’s death and named it Maryland. Conflict between Catholics and Protestants in Maryland led to the Act of Toleration, which was an early step toward the later acceptance of religious diversity, or variety, in the colonies.

  27. III. The 13 Colonies (pages 120–124) Section 1-Daily Lesson Notes 19 L. King Charles II issued charters to create a colony called Carolina. The eight Carolina proprietors created large estates for themselves and gave money to colonists to move there. In 1719 settlers seized control of the colony from its proprietors, and the Carolina colony became two royal colonies—North Carolina and South Carolina.

  28. III. The 13 Colonies (pages 120–124) Section 1-Daily Lesson Notes 20 M. General James Oglethorpe received a charter to create a colony where English debtors—people who are unable to repay their debts—could settle. The British government wanted Georgia to protect other British colonies from Spanish attack.

  29. III. The 13 Colonies (pages 120–124) Section 1-Daily Lesson Notes 21 Click the map to view a dynamic version.

  30. III. The 13 Colonies (pages 120–124) Section 1-Daily Lesson Notes 22 How were North and South Carolina created? North and South Carolina began as one colony, Carolina. Carolina’s settlers wanted a greater role in government, so in 1719 they took control of the colony from its proprietors. Carolina later became two royal colonies.

  31. Section 1-Section Review 1 • A number of European countries, including England, Spain, France, and the Netherlands, founded colonies in North America. • The English settlers in Jamestown, Virginia, set up a representative government based on what they had known in England. • The New England, Middle, and Southern Colonies were settled by the English and other Europeans for a variety of reasons, including religious freedom and financial gain.

  32. Section 1-Section Review 2 1. Why did the French originally come to North America? The French originally came to profit from fur trading. 2. What was the House of Burgesses? The House of Burgesses was the legislature of Virginia.

  33. (3) CA HR3. Section 1-Section Review 3 3.Organizing Information Draw a table like the one below and fill in details about the New England, Middle, and Southern Colonies.  Students may note the colonies in each region and the reasons for establishing them.

  34. (4) CA HI1. (5) CA 8RC2.0 Section 1-Section Review 4 4.AnalyzeWhat was the Mayflower Compact and why was it important? The Mayflower Compact was a contract for civil government. It was a crucial step toward the development of democracy in America. 5.The Big IdeasWhat challenges did early English settlers in North America face? Write a short essay that summarizes your conclusions.  Students may refer to starvation and clashes with Native Americans.

  35. (6) CA 8WA2.4 Section 1-Section Review 5 6.Expository WritingWrite a short essay describing the importance of the search for religious freedom in the settling of America. Describe the founding of specific colonies in your essay.  Students should refer to the colonies that were founded for religious reasons.

  36. End of Section 1

  37. Section 2-Guide to Reading 1 You read how the 13 English colonies were founded. Those colonies continued to grow and develop their own culture and beliefs about government.

  38. Section 2-Guide to Reading 2 • As the population of the colonies grew, agriculture and trade increased. (page 126) • An American culture, influenced by religion and education, began to develop. (page 128) • Although the American colonies developed some self-government, the British still set many laws, especially those concerning trade. (page 130)

  39. Section 2-Guide to Reading 3 New York City Philadelphia Benjamin Franklin

  40. Section 2-Guide to Reading 4 subsistence farming triangular trade cash crop indentured servant overseer charter colony proprietary colony royal colony adapt principle

  41. Section 2-Daily Lesson Notes 1 The “Great Awakening” of the 1730s and 1740s emphasized God’s direct involvement in people’s lives. On the other side, the “Enlightenment” of the 1700s stressed natural law and doubted God’s activity in daily affairs.

  42. I. The Colonies Grow (pages 126–127) Section 2-Daily Lesson Notes 2 A. Long winters and rocky soil made large-scale farming difficult in New England. Farmers there practiced subsistence farming, which means they generally produced just enough to meet the needs of their families. B. Shipbuilding was an important New England industry.

  43. I. The Colonies Grow (pages 126–127) Section 2-Daily Lesson Notes 3 C. New England was the center of the shipping trade in America. Some ships followed the route that came to be called the triangular trade because the routes formed a triangle. On one leg of the route, ships brought sugar and molasses from the West Indies to New England. The molasses was made into rum, which was shipped to West Africa. On the last leg of the route, enslaved Africans were shipped to the West Indies to be sold to planters.

  44. I. The Colonies Grow (pages 126–127) Section 2-Daily Lesson Notes 4 D. Farmers in the Middle Colonies farmed larger pieces of land. In New York and Pennsylvania, farmers grew large quantities of wheat and other cash crops, crops that could be sold easily in markets in the colonies and overseas. E. Farmers sent wheat and livestock to New York City and Philadelphia for shipment. These cities became busy ports.

  45. I. The Colonies Grow (pages 126–127) Section 2-Daily Lesson Notes 5 F. Industries in the Middle Colonies included home-based crafts, lumbering, mining, and small-scale manufacturing. G. Cash crops in the South included tobacco, rice, and indigo. Most cash crops were grown on plantations. Plantation owners at first used indentured servants, laborers who agreed to work without pay for a certain period of time for their passage to America. Later Southern farmers used enslaved Africans.

  46. I. The Colonies Grow (pages 126–127) Section 2-Daily Lesson Notes 6 H. Slavery and the slave trade were important to the economies of the colonies. I. The shipping of enslaved Africans to the Americas was called the Middle Passage. J. Most enslaved Africans in southern colonies lived on plantations. Plantation owners hired overseers, or bosses, to keep the slaves working hard.

  47. I. The Colonies Grow (pages 126–127) Section 2-Daily Lesson Notes 7 K. African families were often torn apart by slavery. Slaves who worked on plantations found a source of strength in their African roots. L. Some colonists, such as the Quakers and the Puritans, opposed slavery.

  48. I. The Colonies Grow (pages 126–127) Section 2-Daily Lesson Notes 8 How were independent farms different from plantations? Independent farms were small farms usually run by family members. Small farmers did not have the wealth that plantation owners had, nor did they have the influence.

  49. II. An Emerging Culture (pages 128–129) Section 2-Daily Lesson Notes 9 A. The Great Awakening was a religious revival that occurred in the 1730s and 1740s. The greatest effect of the Great Awakening was greater religious and political freedom in the colonies. B. Most colonists valued education. Massachusetts Puritans passed a law calling for public education in 1647. Schooling in the Middle Colonies was not as universal as it was in New England. Young children in southern colonies were usually taught by their parents.

  50. II. An Emerging Culture (pages 128–129) Section 2-Daily Lesson Notes 10 C. Schools in the colonies had few books, and instruction was given only a few months a year. Most girls received little formal education. D. The first colleges were established to train ministers. E. The Enlightenment—a movement that began in Europe—spread the idea that knowledge, reason, and science could improve society.

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