1. The First English Settlements and Puritan New England

2. Jamestown • First PERMANENT English settlement • Named after King James I

3. The Mystery of Roanoke • England’s first attempt to create a colony: Roanoke (1587) • Captain of the expedition, John White, sailed back to England for supplies • When he returned 3 years later, the colonists had completely vanished • The word “CROATON” (a Native American tribe) was carved in a tree

4. What Happened to the Vanished Colonists at Roanoke? • Historians believe the colonists starved or were either attacked by or joined with local Native American tribes.

5. Joint-Stock Companies • English colonies originally funded by joint-stock companies • Investors gave money to stock companies in support of a colony that would (hopefully) yield a profit • When they received a charter (official permit) the stock company accepted full responsibility for maintaining the colony

6. Royal Colony • After seeing the turmoil in Jamestown (attacks from Powhatan Indians, starving colonists…), King James I revoked the Virginia Company’s charter and made it a royal colony • A colony under direct control of the king

7. Puritan New England • Puritans – Church members who wanted to “purify” or reform the Church of England • Settled in New England to create a model new society – what John Winthrop, their first governor, called a “City upon a Hill.”

8. Says John Winthrop… • “So shall we keep the unity of the spirit, in the bond of peace…Ten of us will be able to resist a thousand of our enemies. For we must consider that we [in New England] shall be as a City upon a Hill, the eyes of all people are on us.” What did Winthrop mean when he called Plymouth a “City upon a Hill?”

9. The Mayflower Compact • Puritans traveled aboard the Mayflower to get to Plymouth, Massachusetts • The Pilgrim men signed a compact, or agreement, in which they created a civil government and pledged loyalty to the king • The Mayflower Compact stated that laws would be approved by the majority • The document became a landmark of American democratic government!

10. Dissent in the Puritan Community • Anne Hutchinson • Held Bible readings in her home • Said worshippers did not need the church or ministers to interpret the Bible for them • Was banished from the colony in 1638 • In other words, she was forced to leave for holding religious discussion

11. Native American Resistance • Pequot War (English v. Pequot Tribe) • King Philips War (English v. Wampanoag Tribe) • Both resulted in an English victory

12. Think About It… • Why do you think Puritan leaders viewed Anne Hutchinson as a threat to their society? • What if you had been called upon to negotiate between the New England colonists and Native Americans? What would you tell each side about the other to help them overcome their misunderstandings?