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4.2 Hinduism in Ancient India

4.2 Hinduism in Ancient India. Objectives: Find out about the beginning of Hinduism Learn about the teachings of Hinduism Examine the practice of Hinduism. How did the Vedas and Hinduism come about?. Aryans migrated No written language, but had Vedas, a memorized sacred poem or hymn.

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4.2 Hinduism in Ancient India

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  1. 4.2 Hinduism in Ancient India Objectives: • Find out about the beginning of Hinduism • Learn about the teachings of Hinduism • Examine the practice of Hinduism

  2. How did the Vedas and Hinduism come about? • Aryans migrated • No written language, but had Vedas, a memorized sacred poem or hymn. • Worshipped a number of nature gods. • Aryans culture + existing Indian culture= Hinduism.

  3. Hinduism • Major religion of India. • A way of life, but absorbed ideas from many different practices. • Core beliefs: karma and reincarnation. • No single founder • Believe in one spiritual power - brahman. • More than one path to the truth.

  4. Brahman • Highest, as creator of all creation. • He is the central theme of all Upanishads. • He is one and invisible and present in all. • He was born from a golden egg and created Earth and everything on it.

  5. Who are the most important gods and what do they represent? • The gods and goddesses stand for different parts of brahman. • The most important gods are Brahman, the Creator; Vishnu, the Preserver; and Shiva, the destroyer. Shiva Brahman Vishnu

  6. AVATAR • An avatar is the representation of a Hindu god or goddess in human or animal form.

  7. Vishnu • A major god in Hinduism. • A kindly god, concerned with the welfare of human beings. • He (his avatar) visits earth from time to time in different forms to guide and protect humans from disaster.

  8. Shiva • Very powerful, impersonal. • Responsible for creative and destructive forces of nature. • Shiva’s wife is the goddess, Shakti.

  9. Shakti • Hindu gods have their own families, and Shakti is the wife of Shiva. • She is both kind and cruel.

  10. Upanishads - one of the religious texts • Means sitting near the teacher - “Upa”- means “near,” “ni”means “down” and “shad” means “be seated.” • Most of it is in the form of questions by pupils and responses by teachers.

  11. Hinduism has no central figure such as in Christianity or Buddhism. Vedic teachings blended with the religious beliefs and practices of early Indian villages. Roots are evident in the Vedic religion of the Aryan people. Hinduism AD 400

  12. Reincarnation • Reincarnation is the rebirth of the soul in the body of another living being.

  13. According to Hindu belief, how do the actions of a person in this life affect his/her fate the next? According to Hindu beliefs, a person’s soul is reborn into another living thing or becomes one with Brahman. Good karma= promoted Bad karma= demoted

  14. Dharma • The religious and moral duties of Hindus. • The natural universal laws whose observance enables humans to be contented and happy, and to save himself from degradation and suffering.

  15. ahimsa • Ahimsa is the Hindu idea of non-violence. • Practice of Ahimsa develops love. Ahimsa is another name for truth or love. Ahimsa is universal love. It is pure love.

  16. How do Hindus practice yoga? Hindus who practice yoga use special exercises, breathing, and deep thinking to help free their souls and unite them with Brahman. The word yoga is derived from the root “yuj,” which means to unite or to join together. The practice of yoga may lead to the union of the human with the divine - all within the self. The aim of yoga is the transformation of human beings from their natural form to a perfected form.

  17. How do Hindus worship? • Hindus worship in public by praying and performing rituals in temples. • They also show devotion privately at home. • They may choose a personal god to honor; devotion to that god brings the soul closer to Brahman.

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