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中英翻譯 ( 一 ) Chinese-English Translation (I). 2011 Fall Semester Instructor: Ying-Ying Chuang, Ed.D Department of Applied Foreign Languages Cheng Shiu University. An Introduction of Translation 翻譯導論. “ The first business of the translator is to translate .” –change, interpret. 語義意函 / 語用意函
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中英翻譯(一)Chinese-English Translation (I) 2011 Fall Semester Instructor: Ying-Ying Chuang, Ed.D Department of Applied Foreign Languages Cheng Shiu University
An Introduction of Translation翻譯導論 “The first business of the translator is to translate.” –change, interpret. • 語義意函/語用意函 • Source Language (SL) • Target Language (TL) • 信、達、雅 • Translation Procedure : (1) 分析Analysis, (2) 轉換Transfer, (3) 重組Restructuring, and (4) 檢查Testing.
Free Translation vs. Word-for-word Translation直譯與意譯 • ★Free Translation/Idiomatic Translation • Connotations and Denotations • Transfer/L1 Interference • “How do you do?” • “He regained his consciousness.” • “馬上”, “笑一個” • “As an actor, he is happiest when he works in a film that makes both artistic and social contribution.” • “The young man is still wet behind the ears; he has been at loose ends since the first day of work.” • “This kind of product won’t appeal to the man in the street.”
Excise: • day laborer • moonlight • parallel goods/unauthorized imports • a loaf of bread • bring down the house • put the cart before the horse • still water run deep • ambassador-in-large • yellow journalism • on the wrong track • to sail close to the wind
詞序: 定語 • a furnished apartment • a notorious gambler • a creative idea • a single parent • a charming smile • alarming news • the day following • What they are looking for is someone reliable. • Corn and Wheat are two major American agricultural exports. • moonlight stroll
moonlight stroll • the late Mr. Smith • I just met a student with a foreign accent. • There is little/a little hope left. • 代溝抒情音樂上述的所有問題必須馬上處理。 • 受人歡迎沒甚麼不對。 • 九月三十日上午將舉行第二次研討會。 • 今年前六個月的家電用品銷售額,驟降了百分之四十。 • 這茶几長十五吋,寬兩呎,高三呎。
Everyday Idioms 慣用語/俚語 • graveyard shift • He works the graveyard shift at the factory so that he can go to school during the night. • ride shotgun • If you’d like drive now, I don’t mind riding shotgun. • crank call • I hung up the phone right away when I realized that it was a crank call. • yackety-yak • When someone bends your ear, you can say that it’s a bunch of yackety-yak. • Leftovers • Judy expected some food to be leftover from Thanksgiving, but it was all eaten.
Everyday Idioms 慣用語/俚語 • flesh and blood • She refused to tell the police about her brother’s crime since he’s her own flesh and blood. • blind date • He is nervous about going on a blind date. • old flame/ new flame • John was surprised when he accidentally met an old flame at the supermarket. • be in shape/ be out of shape • Annie has been out of shape for years because she never exercises. • be under the weather • Jane cut classes yesterday; she said she was under the weather. • be a steal/for a song • This late-model used car is in excellent condition with low mileages. It’s a steal for $3,000!
Everyday Idioms 慣用語/俚語 • be a rip-off/be highway robbery • You shouldn’t shop at that store because the prices are a rip-off. • sooner or later • It seems like it’s been raining for days, but it’ll stop sooner or later. • day in and day out/around the clock • The crews worked day in and day out to repair the damage from the earthquake. • party pooper • All of us want to go to Disneyland except Ellen. Why is she such as party pooper? • spick and span • Her kitchen looked spick and span before her in-laws came to visit.
Sentences翻譯練習 • 小鎮人口的成長快得驚人。 • 他盡量避免討論爭議性大的主題。 • 我向折扣給最多的旅行社買票。 • 他們正在賣自家烘培的蛋糕來為聽障兒童籌募基金。 • For all his elaborate explanation, I was still at a loss. • Gene technology has found application for the cure of many formerly incurable diseases. • The fact that her father is the CEO of a large corporation is no reason for Connie to keep putting on airs.
他經驗豐富,見多識廣。 • 今天才星期三,離週末還早哩! • 即使不情願,他還是極有可能調到另一個部門去 • 她對這城市瞭若指掌,是個極稱職的導遊。 • 欲退貨的顧客,須攜帶收據和貨品,三日之內前來辦理。 • 發票(發貨單)上找到了好幾個錯誤,也馬上更正了過來。 • 請填一下這份申請表,填完後再交給櫃台人員。 • 員工必須在早上八點之前打卡,不然就算遲到了。 • 越來越少銀行要求新客戶的支票存款帳戶須保有最低餘額。 • 你的信用狀況良好,所以很容易就可以貸到汽車貸款。
中文句子的英譯法(一) • 無主詞句 • 中國人重悟性,認為話說出來,聽者或讀者可以從邏輯的角度和上下文中 “悟”出主詞,因此常省略。但英文語法結構十分嚴緊,一定要有主詞才能精確表意。在翻譯無主詞句時,就必須推想並找出省去之主詞,或改變句型,以符合英文的語法結構。 • 表示時間、天氣、距離 • 昨夜下起了大雪。 _______________________________________ • 搭捷運到台北車站並不遠。_______________________________________
描述某地的狀況 • 這裡好像很擠,換別處吧。__________________________________________ • 在台北不怕找不到好餐廳。__________________________________________ • 表示東西或事件的存在、位置 • 明年這裡要蓋一所私人養老院。_____________________________________________ • 門外站著一個衣衫襤褸的男子。_____________________________________________ • 表示說明 • 沒事的話就可以離開了。__________________________________________ • 月底就要發薪水了。__________________________________________
Assignment: • 1.大部分的公園都禁止溜狗。 • ___________________________________________________ • 2.只要堅持下去,最後總會成功的。 • ___________________________________________________ • 3.這地方有沒有哪裡可以歇腳? • ___________________________________________________ • 4.皮包裡只剩下一張千元大鈔。 • ___________________________________________________ • 5.去年推出了體積小且輕如鴻毛的i-mode手機。 • __________________________________________________ • 6.通常早一點去都會有位子。 • _________________________________________________ • 上個月這裡才挖出一付恐龍化石。 • ___________________________________________________________ • 8.靠牆角的地方還有兩張桌子是空的。 • ___________________________________________________________ • 9.昨天傍晚雨下得好大。 • ___________________________________________________________ • 10.沒有通行證,不能進大樓。 • ___________________________________________________________
中文句子的英譯法(二) • 聯合複句的譯法 • 並列複句以幾個分句說明或描述幾件事情、情況,或同一事物的幾個方向。 • 基因改造食物沒有經過嚴格品管,也沒有足夠的實驗來証明是否有害人體。 • ___________________________________________________ • 我們在工作挑戰中,即要不斷發現問題,又要不斷解決問題。 • ___________________________________________________ • 連貫複句以幾個分句依次說出連續發生的行動或事情。 • 所有的論文都必須經過委員會的審查、通過,然後才能發表。 • ___________________________________________________
遞進複句後面的分句,在意思上或重要性,比前面的分句更進一步。遞進複句後面的分句,在意思上或重要性,比前面的分句更進一步。 • 1990年代起,許多大學畢業生的第一志願是到科技公司工作,不但可以分得紅利和股票,還可共享許多台灣科技業再世界舞台上第一的榮耀。 • __________________________________________________________ • __________________________________________________________ • 女性不僅應該跨越傳統職業性別的鴻溝,更應該積極擁抱管理工作,和男性一較長短。 • __________________________________________________________ • 選擇複句以兩個或更多分句分別說出幾種狀況,表示從中擇一 • 這些學生上課很不專心,不是在偷看小說,就是在手機上打電動。 • __________________________________________________________ • 與其把錢丟入不穩定的股市,不如把它拿來投資在小孩的教育上。 • __________________________________________________________ • 總分複句 先用一個分句在句首作總論,接著幾個分句再論述,或反之。 我們生長在一個苦難的時代,世界上三分之ㄧ的享受著最高的生活水準,另外三分之二的人生活在饑餓和疾病的邊緣。______________________________________________________
Assignment: • 根據勞工局的統計,失業率已達5.6%,失業人口也高達一百多萬人。 • _________________________________________________________ • 根據調查,七成三的線上遊戲玩家年紀在25歲以下,15歲到20歲的佔了26%,15歲以下的也高達13%。_________________________________________________________ • ________________________________________________________ • 週末的時候,我寧可在家看電視,也不要去戲院人擠人。 • _________________________________________________________ • 她的薪水,三分之ㄧ交給父母,三分之ㄧ存起來,剩下的就是自己的生活開支。 • _________________________________________________________ • 與其讓小孩子喝大量的碳酸飲料,不如製作天然的果汁給他們飲用。 • _________________________________________________________
似是而非的假朋友(False Friend) • What’s different of “armchair”,“loveseat”, and “sofa”? • at the end of the day • bald eagle • bank holiday • bargain hunter • board of director
bookmaker • boot camp • boot fair/car boot sale • bootleg • building society • chamber of commerce • cheerleader • coming of age • crow’s feet • crow’s nest • cupboard • date, date palm • eat one’s word
flat footed • forth estate • full of beans • go back on his word • gray matter/grey matter • green bean • hard shoulder • headhunt • heavy-duty • hobby horse • holdup • industrial action(英)/job action(美) • industrial dispute • killer whale • labour of love