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Muscular System Types of Joint Movement

Muscular System Types of Joint Movement . SHMD 249 16/5/2012. Pg 9-11. Joints & Movement. Neck Pivot joint. Movement Rotation : Limb moves in a circular movement towards the middle of the body. Flexion : Occurs when the angle of a joint decreases.

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Muscular System Types of Joint Movement

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  1. Muscular SystemTypesof Joint Movement SHMD 249 16/5/2012

  2. Pg 9-11 Joints & Movement • Neck • Pivot joint. • Movement • Rotation: Limb moves in a circular movement towards the middle of the body. • Flexion: Occurs when the angle of a joint decreases. • Extension: Occurs the angle of a joint increases. • Lateral flexion & extension.

  3. Shoulder • Ball & Socket joint. • Movement • Circumduction:limb moves in a circle. • Rotation. • Abduction: Movement away from the midline of the body. • Adduction: Movement towards the midline of the body. • Horizontal adduction & abduction. • Flexion. • Extension. • Hyperextension: exaggerated extension motion.

  4. Elbow • Hinge joint. • Movement • Flexion. • Extension.

  5. Wrist • Condyloid joint. • Movement • Flexion. • Extension. • Adduction. • Abduction. • Circumduction. • Pronation: when the hand moves from an upward facing position to a downward facing position. • Supination: when the hand moves from a downward facing position to an upward facing position.

  6. Hip • Ball & Socket joint. • Movement • Circumduction. • Rotation. • Flexion. • Extension. • Adduction. • Abduction.

  7. Knee • Hinge joint. • Movement • Flexion. • Extension.

  8. Ankle • Synovial hinge joint. • Movement (Specific to ankle joint) • Plantarflexion: Foot moves away from the shin bone, and your toes will be pointing downward. • Dorsiflexion: foot moves toward the shin bone as if you are pulling your toes up. • Occurs at gliding joint between tarsals: • Inversion: Soles of the feet are facing each other. • Eversion: Soles of the feet are facing away from each other.

  9. Anterior Muscles Trapezius Deltoid Pectoralis Major Biceps Serratus Anterior Rectus Abdominus Abdominal Obliques Rectus Femoris Sartorius VastusLateralis VastusMedialis Gastrocnemius Tibialis Anterior Soleus

  10. Posterior Muscles Trapezius Rhomboids Deltoids Triceps Latissimus Dorsi External Oblique Gluteus Maximus Biceps Femoris Gluteus Medius Semitensinosus Semimembranosus Gastrocnemius Soleus Achilles Tendon

  11. Pg 13-14 Major Muscles of the body • Agonist/prime mover: this muscle contracts to produce the desired movement. • Antagonist: this muscle relaxes to allow the agonist to contract. • Example: • Bicep & tricep.

  12. Types of Muscle Movement • Concentric contraction: • Involves the muscle shortening & developing tension. • Origin & insertion of muscle move closer together, i.e. muscle becomes ‘fatter’. • Movement occurs against gravity. • Example: Walking uphill.

  13. Types of Muscle Movement • Eccentric contraction: • Muscle lengthening to develop tension. • Origin & insertion of muscle move away from each other. • Provides control of movement on downward phase, & works to resist force of gravity. • Example: Walking downhill.

  14. Types of Muscle Movement • Isometric contraction: • Muscle produces tension, but stays the same length. • Occurs when body is fixed in one position. • Example:

  15. Tendons & Ligaments • Tendons: • Connects muscle to bone. • Carry force of muscle contraction to the bone. • Ligaments: • Connects bone to bone. • Act to give stability to joints. • Soft tissue. • Tough & inelastic. • White/greyish in colour. • Very poor blood supply. • Take long to repair itself if damaged.

  16. Definitions • Cartilage: Tough, fibrous connective tissue without nerves or blood supply that provides protection and support to joints, tubes, ends of long bones, and facial structures (e.g., ears and nose).

  17. Definitions • Bursa:small sacs of fluid that are located between bone & other moving structures i.e. muscles, skin, tendons. Bursa allows smooth gliding between structures, without friction.

  18. Revision Questions • For the following joints, you need to know the type of joint it is, as well as the type of movements each joint can perform: neck (6), shoulder (8), elbow (3), wrist (8), hip (7), knee (3), ankle (5). • Define the following movements: rotation (2), flexion (1), extension (1), circumduction (1), abduction (2), adduction (2), hyperextension (1), pronation (3), supination (3), plantar flexion (3), dorsi flexion (3), inversion (2), eversion (2). • Know the anterior and posterior muscles of the body – be able to label a diagram. • Differentiate between the ‘agonist’ and ‘antagonist’ muscles. 4 • Tabulate the differences between the three types of muscle movement. 14 • Differentiate between tendons & ligaments. 7 • Why do ligaments and tendons take a long time to repair themselves? 2 • Define: • Cartilage. 4 • Bursa. 3

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