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Muscular Control of Movement

Muscular Control of Movement. Types of Muscles Smooth: blood vessels and organs Cardiac: heart Skeletal: muscles for movement. Review of Anatomy. Review of Anatomy. Skeletal Muscle 600 Skeletal Muscles Voluntary Movement Origin / Insertion 75% H2O, 20% Prot.

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Muscular Control of Movement

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  1. Muscular Control of Movement

  2. Types of Muscles Smooth: blood vessels and organs Cardiac: heart Skeletal: muscles for movement Review of Anatomy

  3. Review of Anatomy • Skeletal Muscle • 600 Skeletal Muscles • Voluntary Movement • Origin / Insertion • 75% H2O, 20% Prot.

  4. The Structure of Skeletal Muscle • Epimysium • Covers the entire muscle • Perimysium • Covers the Fasciculi • Endomysium • Covers the muscle fiber • Sarcoplasm • Surrounds the myofibril

  5. The Structure of a Muscle Cell • Sarcoplasm • Transverse Tubules • Sarcoplasmic Reticulum • Myofibril • Sarcomere • Myosin (heads) • Actin (tropomyosin, troponin)

  6. The Sliding Filament Theory • Motor nerve impulse • motor nerve releases ACh to sarcolemma • Depolorization causes chain reaction • sarcoplasmic reticulum releases calcium • calcium binds with troponin • troponin lifts tropomyosin • myosin heads bind with actin (cross bridge) • Power Stroke: is the tilting of the myosin head

  7. The Sliding Filament Theory • Energy is required for muscle action • the myosin head binds to ATP, and ATPase found on the head splits ATP into ADP and P, releasing energy for muscle contraction. • Calcium releases for muscle relaxation • calcium is pumped out of the sarcoplasm and back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum for storage, which requires ATP.

  8. STo slow ATPase small SR small motor neuron less fibers per unit aerobic endurance red color - capillaries B oxidation enzymes FTa, FTb, FTc fast ATPase large SR large motor neuron more fibers per unit anaerobic power pink or white in color glycolytic enzymes Slow Twitch vs Fast Twitch

  9. Muscle Fiber Recruitment • Motor units: consists of a single motor neuron and all of the muscle fibers is supplies. • All-or-None Response: • Gradation of recruitment • force production: is due to the number of fibers recruited, not the force generated by each fiber • conditioning response: training effects the coordination and recruitment of muscles for specific activities • FTb & FTc fibers aren’t easily recruited

  10. Generation of Force • number of motor unit • types of motor units • size of the muscle • muscles initial length • angle of the joint • muscle’s speed • stretch reflex

  11. Types of Movement agonists antagonists synergists Types of Contraction concentric static eccentric Use of Muscles

  12. Requirements For Large Muscle Development • Proper Nutrition • 65% CHO, 20% Fat, 15% Protein • Resistance Training • Genetics • Hormonal Secretion Levels • testosterone • androgens

  13. ACSM Strength Guidelines • Frequency = 2-3 days/week • Intensity • 85% of max for strength • 75% of max for muscular power + (method) • 50% - 65% of max for muscular endurance • Time = • 30 - 90 sec. per set / 8 - 12 reps per set • work to rest ratio 1:4 • Specificity = resistance type

  14. Strength Training Myths • Strength training will cause “muscle boundness” • Women who strength train will become masculinized • Strength training reduces speed • “No pain - No gain” • It takes hours of daily training to gain muscle mass • Food supplements will speed up muscle development • Anabolic steroids are safe and effective • Amino Acids are safe and effective

  15. Types of Training • Isometric • Isotonic • Isokinetic • Plyometrics

  16. Modes of Training • Free weights • Nautilus • Hydraulics • Friction • Rubber tubing • Cybex • Bow-flex • Box-jumps • Hydrotherapy • Etc.

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