Muscular System

1. Muscular System

2. Agriculture, Food, and, Natural Resource Standards Addressed • AS.01.01. Evaluate the development and implications of animal origin, domestication and distribution on production practices and the environment. • AS.01.01.02.a. Research and summarize major components of animal systems.

3. Types of Muscles • Muscles are contractile organs responsible for the voluntary and involuntary movements of animals.

4. Types of Muscles • Skeletal muscle - allows for all voluntary movement - appears to be striated when looked at under a microscope.

5. Types of Muscles • Cardiac muscle - controls the involuntary beating of the heart - appears striated under a microscope.

6. Types of Muscles • Smooth muscle - responsible for all other involuntary movement, such as breathing, digestion, peristalsis, blinking, etc.

7. Types of Movement Ambulation moving from one place to another

8. Types of Movement Abduction moving away from the median plane

9. Types of Movement Adduction moving towards the median plane

10. Types of Movement Flexion moving the distal part of the limb towards the body

11. Types of Movement Extension moving the distal part of the limb away from the body

12. Muscle Function All muscles can do is CONTRACT or RELAX, so they generally work in pairs.

13. Muscle Function For any particular action, the muscles involved can be classified as: • Agonist 2) Antagonist

14. Muscle Function Agonist prime mover of a joint

15. Muscle Function Antagonist opposes movement of the agonist

16. Muscle Function Example For elbow flexion, the agonist is the bicep the antagonist is the tricep.

17. Muscle Function Example For elbow extension, the agonist is the tricep the antagonist is the bicep.

18. The Major Muscles Masseter – superficial muscle of the cheek

19. Major Muscles Masseter

20. The Major Muscles Trapezius – superficial triangular muscle of the shoulder

21. Major Muscles Trapezius

22. The Major Muscles Latissimus dorsi – long, superficial, dorsal muscle that attaches the humerus to the lumbar region of the back

23. Major Muscles Latissimus dorsi

24. The Major Muscles Abdominal obliques – large flat muscles that support digestive and reproductive organs

25. Major Muscles External abdominal oblique

26. The Major Muscles Gluteals – large muscle of the upper hindquarters

27. Major Muscles Gluteals

28. The Major Muscles Biceps femoris – lateral superficial muscle, one of three which forms the “hamstrings”

29. Major Muscles Biceps femoris

30. The Major Muscles Biceps brachii – primary flexor of the elbow joint

31. The Major Muscles Triceps brachii – primary extensor of theelbow joint

32. Major Muscles Triceps brachii

33. The Major Muscles Pectorals – primary adductors of the forelimbs

34. Major Muscles Pectorals

35. The Major Muscles Serratus ventralis – attaches forelimb to trunk(no collarbone!)

36. Major Muscles Brachiocephalicus

37. Major Muscles Deltoid

38. Major Muscles Intercostal

39. Major Muscles Semitendinous

40. Major Muscles Gastrocnemius