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Securing Nepalese Interests

Securing Nepalese Interests. Nation, State and Security.

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Securing Nepalese Interests

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  1. Securing Nepalese Interests

  2. Nation, State and Security When the “nation” has been thought of at all, it usually comes attached to the state, as in the common word, “the nation-state,”. This concept took a particular developmental course of recent centuries and elaborated it into a universal maxim. Lately, after the collapse of the former USSR, the concept of ‘nation state and security’ is debated and discussed everywhere.

  3. Nation-State • The "nation," is not the same thing as the ‘state’. • Every one is born into one or several overlapping communities, usually including an ethnic group, with specific values, cultures, religious beliefs, and traditions. He/she is generally born into a "country." • Post cold war- swift decomposition of the centralized State or alleged nation-State into its constituent nationalities. • The genuine nation, or nationality, has made a dramatic reappearance on the world stage.

  4. Contd.. • European nation-state, the typical “major power,” began not as a nation at all, but as an “imperial” conquest of one nationality- usually at the “center” of the resulting country, and based in the capital city-over other nationalities at the periphery. • “Nation” is a complex of subjective feelings of nationality based on objective realities, the imperial central states have had varying degrees of success in forging among their subject nationalities at the periphery a sense of national unity incorporating submission to the imperial center.

  5. Contd.. • Fact – “the collapse of the centralizing and imperial USSR has lifted the lid on the dozens of previously suppressed nationalisms within the former state of U.S.S.R. and other East European nations”. forcibly incorporated other nationalities • The “nation” cannot be precisely defined; it is a complex and varying constellation of different forms of communities, languages, ethnic groups, or religions. • The question of nationality is made more complex by the interplay of objectively existing reality and subjective perceptions.

  6. Contd.. • Does every nation-state “owns” its entire geographical area in the same just and proper way that every individual property owner owns his person and the property that he has inherited, worked for, or gained in voluntary exchange? • Is the boundary of the typical nation-state really as just or as false as your or my house, estate, or factory?

  7. Contd.. • Commonsense says "No.” • How can self-proclaimed boundary be right and sacrosanct, with its “territorial integrity” to remain as spotless and un-breached as a person’s private property? • Most of these boundaries were acquired by force and violence, or by interstate agreement w/o the consent or knowledge of the people. • Have not these boundaries shifted many times? • How can we proclaim for “territorial integrity”? Is not it truly ludicrous?

  8. How to Address this problem? • Would total privatization help solve nationality problems ? • Will open borders, or free immigration resolve this problem? • Will the concept of ‘Global Village’ answer this problem? There is an ongoing debate! As of now, we shall go as it is thought to be fit!

  9. Security • A condition of being protected against danger or loss. • Security vs safety! • Protection from dangers that originate from outside. • Individuals or actions that encroach upon the condition of protection are responsible for the breach of security. • “Security" - not only safety but that has been secured.

  10. National Security Hans Morgenthau, - “Securing integrity of the national territory and its institutions”. (Author of ‘Politics among Nations’,)

  11. National Security Securing what? • Territory within the boundary? • People living within the boundaries? • Territory and People living within the boundaries? • Do we have to protect other things as well? • What are these other things? Responsibility • Who decides as to what should be protected? • How can we ensure total security ? Who will be accountable for the failure of this (future and life of its citizen)?

  12. National Security Maintain the survival of the nation-state through the use of available power and the exercise of diplomacy. • What powers are available? • Economic, • Military • Political power • Diplomacy.

  13. Planning of National Security Pol/Bur/Civil Natl Aims/NVIs Pol Decision National Powers…. Mil Eco Resources For-Govt National Strategy Use of Natl Power For-NSC/AHQ Security Strategy Art of Emp For-AHQ/COAS Military Doctrine Direction Classified Operational Doc Battle Plan Classified Tactical Doctrine Instr/Practice

  14. National Vital Interests (Power potential and Resources) Resources • Terrain • Water • Forest • Tourism • Human There are many more. Power • Diplomatic • Security Forces • Economic

  15. NVIs contd.. 1. Preservation of an Indep, sovereign, unified and territorially secured Nepal. What are the threats? What means do we have? 2. Maintain domestic law, order and peace: rule of law to protect the people of Nepal, their lives and property. What are the threats? What means do we have? 3. Preservation of sovereign rights of the people, democratic system, democratic rights and values. Human rights, equality and freedom. Threats? And means available? What about the duties of citizen? Threats are everywhere-How to mitigate them?

  16. Strategic Planning Process Mission and Objective State the vision incl unchanging values and purpose. Identify future visions and opportunities. Define measurable financial strategic objectives Environmental Scanning Internal analysis- Know the str,weakness and opport? External threats-Espionage, Economic, Security, Diplomatic, stooges and infringement on internal matters. (SWOT Analysis) Strategy Formulation Make the strategy- based on the opportunities; address the internal weakness and external threats.

  17. Contd.. Strategy Implementation Make pgme, prepare budget and est the procedures. (transparent up to the level who work for it success) Evaluation and Control Define parameters to be achieved. Define target values for the parameters. Perform measurements. Compare results to the pre-defined standard. If needed, make changes

  18. Strategy Constrains* In Reality Constraints In Theory National Objective National Security Strategy Military Strategy Operational Strategy Field/Tactical Strategy Politics Economy Other Nations Culture Physical Environment Doctrine Decision Makers Threat Technology Public Opinion *Drew and Snow, Making Strategy (Maxwell AFB, AL Doctrine; Air University Press) National Security refers to policy enacted by governments to ensure the survival and safety of the nation state including but not limited to the exercise of diplomatic, economic, and military power in both peace and war.

  19. Strategy VS Tactics • Strategy - Wisdom, knowledge and vision. Is proactive; Tactics - re-active. • Strategic Plg - formal consideration of a state/ organization’s future course. (Multiple of 5/10 yrs) • Strategic plan - guidance to define functional and divisional plans, including tech. • All strategic planning deals with at least one of three key questions: • "What do we do?" • "For whom do we do it?" • "How do we excel?"

  20. Vision, mission and values • Vision: Where the state wants to be in the future. It reflects the optimistic view of the state's future. SMART - (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant and Timebound). • Clarity and lack of ambiguity. • Vivid and clear picture, not ambiguous. • Describing a bright future. • Memorable and engaging expression • Realistic aspirations, achievable. • Alignment with state’s values and culture; Rational. • Time bound if it talks of achieving any goal or objective

  21. Contd.. • Mission: Defines where the state is going now, basically describing the purpose, why this stae exists. Path to realize the vision in line with its values • Values: Main values protected by the state during the progression, reflecting the stae's culture and priorities.

  22. Nepal

  23. Nepal before & after 1814

  24. Nepal’s security • Identify Nepal’s interests and National Vital Interests (NVIs) • Plan how Nepal will further it and if need arises, plan to protect it. • Protect both internally and externally. (Threat Analysis) • Know Nepal’s strength and weakness. Exploit strength and minimize the impact of weakness • Make a ‘strategic plan’ to further NVIs and provide protections. (Every faculty) • Find the resources to meet the threat. • Organize men and material to counter the threat.

  25. Securing National Territory • Nepal Army- Task, Strength, Equipments, Other means. • APF- Task, Strength, Equipments, Other means. • Other para-mil forces? • Slide no-13

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