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The Nervous System

The Nervous System. Homeostasis. What is it? Homeostasis: the process of keeping internal conditions relatively constant. The Nervous System. What does it do? Controls functions in the body responds to internal and external stimuli. The Nervous System. What does it do?

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The Nervous System

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  1. The Nervous System

  2. Homeostasis What is it? Homeostasis: the process of keeping internal conditions relatively constant.

  3. The Nervous System What does it do? • Controls functions in the body • responds to internal and external stimuli.

  4. The Nervous System What does it do? • maintains homeostasis Lumosity.com

  5. The Nervous System What is it? Nervous system: • Complex network of specialized cells that transmit messages in the body Lumosity.com

  6. The Nervous System Two halves • CNS = Central Nervous System • PNS = Peripheral Nervous System

  7. The Nervous System Two halves • CNS = Central Nervous System • Brain • Spinal cord

  8. The Nervous System Two halves • CNS = Central Nervous System • PNS = Peripheral Nervous System • Cranial nerves (nerves off brain) • Spinal Nerves (off the spinal cord)

  9. The BRAIN www.webhealthguides.net

  10. Parts of the Brain • Cerebrum • responsible for all voluntary activities

  11. Parts of the Brain • Cerebrum • Two hemispheres • Left and Right hemispheres • Right hemisphere controls left side of body, left controls the right

  12. Parts of the Brain

  13. Parts of the Brain • Cerebrum • Four lobes Parietal lobe Frontal lobe Occipital lobe Temporal lobe

  14. Parts of the Brain • Cerebellum • means “little brain” • controls coordination • Let’s see how well your cerebellum works…..

  15. Parts of the Brain • Brainstem • connects brain to spinal cord • Controls heart rate, breathing, and swallowing • Also vomiting, hiccupping, coughing and sneezing

  16. Parts of the Brain • Parts of the Brainstem • Midbrain • Pons • Medulla oblongatta

  17. Parts of the Brain

  18. Parts of the Brain • Thalamus and Hypothalamus

  19. Parts of the Brain • Thalamus: receives messages from the sense organs • Hypothalamus: control center for hunger, thirst, fatigue, anger and body temp. • So, the hypothalamus maintains what?

  20. Parts of the Brain

  21. The Nervous System • CNS = Central Nervous System • Brain • Spinal cord • PNS = Peripheral Nervous System • Cranial nerves (nerves off brain) • Spinal Nerves (off the spinal cord)

  22. Spinal Cord • Main communication link between brain and rest of body • Protected by... • 31 pairs of nerves branch off • Reflex happens within the spinal cord the vertebral column

  23. Reflex • When an impulse skips going to the brain and just comes right back out the spinal cord

  24. The Neuron

  25. Start by labeling a neuron

  26. Neurons: A nerve cell 2 3 4 8 Axon terminals 5 Node 6 1 Schwann’s cells 7

  27. The Nerve Impulse Nerve Impulse: flow of electrical charges along the neuron Starts at the dendrite, travels to cell body or soma, down the axon and then the axon terminal. Then a neurotransmitter will carry the impulse across the synapse

  28. The Neuron Electrical flow of the nerve impulse: Dendrites Soma Axon Axon Terminals

  29. The next slide shows what it will look like when you put several neurons in a row (in other words a nerve)

  30. The Neuron

  31. Three types of neurons… • Sensory neuron • Sends impulse from sense organs toward brain • Motor neuron • Away from brain/spinal cord to muscles/organs • Interneuron • Connect sensory to motor neurons • Found only in the spinal cord

  32. Synapse • Gap between one neuron and the next neuron • Where the impulse jumps to the next neuron

  33. Neurotransmitter: Chemicals used to pass the impulse Let’s label the picture:

  34. Axon terminal Neurotransmitter Axon Synapse Synapse Soma Transport protein Neurotransmitter

  35. Neurotransmitters One common neurotransmitter is: ACETYLCHOLINE

  36. Cranial nerves • Cranial nerves: nerves that branch directly off of the brain • Most of them are sensory • Others are motor

  37. Olfactory: • Optic • Oculomotor • Troclear • Trigeminal • Abducens • Facial • Auditory (vestibulocochlear) • Glossopharyngeal • Vagus • Accessory • Hypoglossal

  38. Olfactory: smell • Optic • Oculomotor • Troclear • Trigeminal • Abducens • Facial • Auditory (vestibulocochlear) • Glossopharyngeal • Vagus • Accessory • Hypoglossal

  39. Cranial Nerves • Olfactory: smell • Optic: vision (forward and peripheral) • Oculomotor • Troclear • Trigeminal • Abducens • Facial • Auditory (vestibulocochlear) • Glossopharyngeal • Vagus • Accessory • Hypoglossal

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