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3. National cultures and management – the emic approach. Learning objectives. explain the main criticisms of the etic approach to culture as expressed by emic scholars describe the semiotic perspective to culture understand hermeneutics as a philosophy of science
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Learning objectives • explain the main criticisms of the etic approach to culture as expressed by emic scholars • describe the semiotic perspective to culture • understand hermeneutics as a philosophy of science • recognize the main features of the ethnographic method of studying culture • discuss d’Iribarne’s approach to the cross-cultural study of management and organization • describe d’Iribarne’s characterization of management and organization in France, the USA and the Netherlands • understand what indigenous management concepts are, and be able to give a number of examples • discuss how etic and emic studies of trust in a cross-cultural context complement each other.
Chapter Outline 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Methodological background The semiotic perspective Hermeneutics Methodological issues 3.3 D’Iribarne: Three logics of culture The logics of honour, contract and consensus 3.4 Indigenous management practices Japan Africa China 3.5 Trust as an etic-emic phenomenon Etic Emic 3.6 Conclusions Study questions Further reading Case: Management of phosphate mining in Senegal Case: Americans negotiating a contract in China Notes References
Study questions 1 What is the main criticism of d’Iribarne of Hofstede’s work? Can this criticism be generalized to other etic studies? Explain your answer. 2 Why would a questionnaire study not be an effective research approach from a semiotic perspective on culture? 3 How does Philippe d’Iribarne explain differences in management and organization between comparable plants in different countries? 4 What are the main features of management and organization in France, the USA and the Netherlands according to d’Iribarne? 5 Why is an emic approach necessary to identify indigenous management concepts? 6 Please give examples of indigenous management concepts from Japan, China and Africa. 7 Explain trust in a cross-cultural context from both an etic and an emic perspective.
