1. UnderstandingGlobal Cultures Japan

4. Four Generic Types of Cultures • Vertical Collectivism / Authority Ranking Cultures • Ch. 02 The Thai Kingdom • Ch. 03 The Japanese Garden • Ch. 04 India: The Dance of Shiva • Ch. 05 Bedouin Jewelry and Saudi Arabia • Ch. 06 The Turkish Coffeehouse • Ch. 07 The Brazilian Samba • Ch. 08 The Polish Village Church • Ch. 09 Kimchi and Korea

5. Fig. 1.2. Four Generic Types of Cultures (p. 15)

6. Four Generic Types of Cultures • Vertical Collectivism / Authority Ranking Cultures • authority ranking • found in large parts of Asia, Africa, and Latin America • involves a psychological relationship between the leader or leaders and all others in the culture

7. Four Generic Types of Cultures • Vertical Collectivism / Authority Ranking Cultures • frequently, such a culture is symbolized not by the handshake, which reflects equality, but by different forms of bowing

8. Four Generic Types of Cultures • Vertical Collectivism / Authority Ranking Cultures • there is a dynamic, two-way relationship between subordinates and leaders in authority ranking cultures • although the leaders receive more rewards, they are responsible for safeguarding the livelihoods of subordinates

10. Cultural Metaphors • Unit of analysis in the book = the nation or national culture • Other “units of analysis” may include: • one person (e.g., Paul Buffalo) • the family (e.g., Strodtbeck, see later) • the community • a region • a culture

11. Culture Counts and it counts quit a bit

12. Geert Hofstede (1991) • IBM study demonstrated that national culture explained 50% of the differences in attitudes in IBM’s 53 countries (p. 5)

13. Cultural Metaphors “Metaphors are not stereotypes.” Why?