The path to market success for dynamic spectrum access technology

1. The path to market success for dynamic spectrum access technology John Chapin and William Lehr

2. Why this paper? • Not technical in particular • A general view

3. Definitions • Cooperative DSA • Only with permission of the PM • Non-cooperative DSA • Does not require permission (UWB, underlay) • Spectrum etiquette • PHY (power) • MAC (listen-before-talk)

4. Enablers • Available spectrum • Customer demand • Low transaction cost

5. Available spectrum • Market Process • Perceived risk of interference low enough • Pricing (below-equilibrium-price to start with) • Regulatory action • Enough 2nd spectrum to start with • Shared between federal and non-federal users • Example: 5G unlicensed band is shared with military radar

6. Cont’d • Current status • FCC rulemaking • Slow in practice, chicken-egg problem • Limited # of players, limited (long-term) guarantees, investment cost • XG: military to military sharing • Unlicensed band can benefit from DSR • WLAN that does not interfere with cordless phone • WLAN that avoid microwave, bluetooth, etc. • Home-networking experience: WLAN, microwave, Bluetooth, cordless phone, sensor networks, etc. • A general view: • Smart (heterogeneous) devices work better together, with or without spectrum reforms • Current and future • XG: military to military • 4G will be an integrated heterogeneous system • Integrated WiFi/WiMAX • Smart WiFi/mesh

7. Customer demand (expand) • Initial customers • Equipment vendors (WiFi access points with better agility) • Service providers (cellular) • On-demand applications • Hotels hosting a convention • Football games • Community networks • DIFFERENT QoS (not necessarily worse) • DSR vs. demand-and-control (analogy: Internet vs. telephone nw) • Different properties at different bands, e.g., DSR in VHF band for better penetration • Multimedia services for cellular (not affordable at voice price) • Best-effort service, delay-tolerance service • Or bundle with a band with guaranteed access right (e.g., cellular using extra band through DSR) • Or bundle multiple DSR bands together • If price is right! • Legacy applications • Protection, especially with multiple un-coordinated secondaries • New applications are often unforeseeable • 2.4G was considered as the junk band • A lot of these issues are good research topics!

8. Costs and risks (follow the paper) • Costs: • Searching for opportunities, FCC regulations • Spectrum brokers • Cooperative DSA • Interference • Trust • Retract access rights by regulators • No guarantee for 2nd users after demonstration of success business model • Non-cooperative DSR • Monitoring, analysis, signaling, cost of mistake • Conservative • Information registry/database: geo location, signature (waveform, pilot), time of operation

9. Industry structure • Spectrum trading • Spectrum aggregating and partitioning • Spatial, temporal, and frequency domain • Distributor type 2 as a trusted third party • Install and operate monitoring and analysis systems • Such a monitoring nw may be needed in general • Feasibility and fidelity • How many monitors, where, and how to share information

10. Notes • An interesting paper with related work • Papers from a researcher in the area • Papers from a conference/special issue • An open question/topic • focus • Update Wiki (reverse chronicle order) • First paper is the must read • Links for slides? • Similar group meeting update at wiki