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Understanding Ocean Water Characteristics and Ocean Floor Topography

This chapter explores the intricate relationship between ocean water and other Earth systems, focusing on the composition, salinity, and temperature variations of ocean water. Key concepts include the importance of dissolved salts, the impact of climate on salinity, and how river mouths influence salt levels. Additionally, it examines the ocean floor's topography, detailing features like the continental margin and deep ocean basins, including abyssal plains and mid-ocean ridges. Methods for mapping the ocean's depth using SONAR and satellite technology are also discussed.

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Understanding Ocean Water Characteristics and Ocean Floor Topography

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  1. Chapter 13 Exploring the Oceans

  2. Section 1 pp. 374-380 Standard S6CS5a: The relationship between the ocean and other Earth systems Standard S6E3c: Composition of earth’s oceans Standard S6E4a: Heat absorption by land and water Standard E6E5e: Process of the ocean

  3. EQ: What are the characteristics of ocean water? • Salty • Sodium chloride (NaCl) • Most common dissolved substance in ocean • Result of rivers flowing into oceans • Rivers bring dissolved minerals • Water evaporates & leaves salt behind

  4. Salinity • Amount of dissolved salt in a given amount of water • Grams of salt per kilogram of water • Usually 35 g of salt per 1000ml of water • Hot, dry climate increases salinity • Cool, humid climate decreases salinity • Mouth of river decreases salinity • Less water movement increases salinity

  5. Temperature Zones • Ocean as a Thermostat • Surface zone—warmest • Thermocline --temp decreases with depth • Deep zone—coldest • Keeps earth suitable for life • Regulates temp by absorbing energy from the sun • Slowly absorbs & releases thermal energy (heat) • Ocean currents move water & thermal energy

  6. Summary • Explain why hot, dry climates have high salinity while cooler, humid climates have low salinity. • Explain how the mouth of a river opening into the ocean effects salinity and why. • Explain the relationship between movement and salinity of ocean water.

  7. Section 2 pp. 382-387 Standard S6E3c: Topography of Earth’s oceans

  8. EQ: What are the features of the ocean floor? • 2 Regions of Ocean Floor • Continental Margin made of continental crust • Deep Ocean Basin made of oceanic crust

  9. What oceanic features are in the continental margin? • Continental Shelf • Continental Slope • Continental Rise • If the shoreline • Gently slopes down • Steep drop to bottom of ocean floor • Bottom of the continental slope where sediment piles up

  10. What oceanic features are in the Deep Ocean Basin? • Abyssal Plain • Mid-Ocean Ridge • Flat part of ocean floor • Mtn chains formed where tectonic plates pull apart • Rift Zones where magma rises, cools • Sea Floor Spreading • Longest mtn range on Earth 40,000 miles or 64,000 km long

  11. Rift Valley • Ocean Trench • Seamonts • Valley between mtns of Mid-Ocean Ridge • Deep, huge cracks • Where subduction occurs • Individual volcanic mtns on ocean floor • May become an island

  12. EQ: How deep is the ocean? • SONAR • Sound Navigation and Ranging • Sound waves are sent from a ship to the ocean floor. • How long it takes for the sound to return to the ship tells how far down the floor is.

  13. Satellites • Underwater Vessels • Geostat • Looks for small changes in the height of the floor • Measures the water above the geographic features • Alvin locates organisms near vents • Piloted vessel • Jason II & Medea are robots that explore the ocean floor

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