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Spread of Islam

Spread of Islam. Sufi movement within Islam incorporated mysticism with a trend toward evangelism Less emphasis on strict interpretation of traditional texts and laws Emphasized emotional religious experience Healer. Ulama Stressed restrictive conservatism with Islam

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Spread of Islam

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  1. Spread of Islam

  2. Sufi movement within Islam incorporated mysticism with a trend toward evangelism • Less emphasis on strict interpretation of traditional texts and laws • Emphasized emotional religious experience • Healer

  3. Ulama • Stressed restrictive conservatism with Islam • Especially with religious schools • Especially concerning scientific inquiry • Emphasized strict interpretation of laws and religious text

  4. 1258 Baghdad invaded by Mongols • Political center will change • Baghdad will take a back seat to • Cairo in the East • Istanbul to the North

  5. Trade • Master of vast trading network • Abbasid Muslim traders will reestablish trade routes after fall of the Roman and Han empires • With the collapse of the Abbasid dynasty- Egypt will become center of trade.

  6. Desire to protect trading interests was the excuse of the initial move into India during the Umayyad dynasty

  7. South Asia(India) • Will first move into India when pirates attack and threaten Arab trade. • At first only along coast • Brought little change • Religious toleration • Local officials retain titles • Status of Brahman caste respected • Arabs lived apart • Little attempt at first of conversion

  8. Difference between Islam invasion of India and others • First time India will have a large scale group of invaders whose civilization is as sophisticated as their own

  9. Islam will be introduced to India through • Merchants • Sufi mystics • Carry message of Islam during a time when Buddhism had decline • Trend toward evangelism • Appeal to lower caste because of egalitarian

  10. Delhi Sultanate • Under Mahmud Ghazi will move into interior defeat the disorganized Hindus • Established their kingdom in Delphi under rule of a Sultan • Delphi Sultanate • Islam will spread throughout much of northern India for 200 years. • Many Hindus will hold on to their beliefs • Sultan offended and will do best to convert • Non Muslims had to pay a tax • Also Sultans capable of religiously motivate destruction

  11. New Muslim rulers remained largely separated from Hindu subjects • Hindus worked in administrative but lived apart from their rulers • Social prejudice- found in caste system infiltrated Islam in India • Arabs considered “high caste” • Muslim rulers violated the Quran by claiming to be of divine descent

  12. Islam will not be as accepted in India as it was in other areas. • Will treat Hindus and Buddhists as dhimmis- people of the book • India will not convert to Islam in large numbers. • Hindu will respond to Muslims by placing greater emphasis on devotional cults

  13. In India, Muslims will • Adopt the social stratification of Hindu castes • Attitudes toward women • Practices of Hindu rulers • Taste for India food and games

  14. Differences between Hindus and Muslims

  15. Islam will stress egalitarianism of all believers • Hinduism embraced the caste social system

  16. Despite difference between Hindus an Islamic cultures, amazing amount of progress under Sultans • Colleges • Irrigation systems improved • Mosques built with aid of Hindu architect & artists • Many will convert- • some genuine, some because it may life easier • More will convert to Islam in Northern India than in Southern India where a vast majority will continue Hindus customs

  17. Indian Influences on Islamic Civilization • Indian Learning • Hindu mathematics- algebra /geometry • Use of numerals of Hindu scholars • Medicine to music • Physicians brought to Baghdad • Arabian Nights tales may be based on Indian stories • Game of chess

  18. Timur the Lame • Mongols will under Timur the Lane will invade India • Will destroyed just about everything in sight • Massacred thousands • Just as quickly swept out • The sultanate was destroyed but will eventually be restored • Islam had continued to grow in India next few centuries under Mogul Empire, even Hindu hung to their beliefs

  19. Southeast Asia • Islam spread from • commercial contacts and conversions than from military victories • Sufi mystics and traders carried Islam to port cities in southeast Asia. From which spreads to other regions • In Southeast Asia • New Faith did not gain widespread popularity in strong Buddhist and Hindu areas. • Did not make headway in areas away from the coast • Islands of Indian Ocean were receptive to new faith • Familiar with Islam from trading contacts • Buddhism and Hinduism will remain popular but Islam will establish a stronghold in Malaysia, Indonesia and Philippines

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