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Religion, Culture and Reform Movements in Antebellum America

Religion, Culture and Reform Movements in Antebellum America. Charles Finney “Burned Over” District Evangelism & Social Activism. New American Religions and Utopian Societies: Mormons. Product of the Burned Over District Founder Joseph Smith Angel and the tablets Book of Mormon

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Religion, Culture and Reform Movements in Antebellum America

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  1. Religion, Culture and Reform Movements in Antebellum America

  2. Charles Finney“Burned Over” DistrictEvangelism &Social Activism

  3. New American Religions and Utopian Societies: Mormons • Product of the Burned Over District • Founder Joseph Smith • Angel and the tablets • Book of Mormon • Targets of persecution • Theocratic cohesion • Polygamy • Smith murdered • Young leads exodus to the “New Zion” Joseph Smith Brigham Young

  4. The Shakers

  5. Utopian Communities

  6. Oneida Colony

  7. The Millerites • Founded by Vermont farmer, William Miller • Miller had joined the Baptists in 1818 • Believed every word of the Bible, especially the part about the second coming-millenial • His followers become 7th Day Adventists • they combine the beliefs of Sylvester Graham

  8. Intellectual & CulturalDevelopmentsTranscendentalismLiteratureArt

  9. Romantic Challenge • Revolt against the age of reason • Started in the late 1700s • Change was good • Valued feelings and intuition over pure thought • Interest in nature

  10. Henry David Thoreau & Transcendentalism

  11. Walden Pond

  12. Margaret Fuller • “high priestess” of the transcendental movement • published Women in the 19th Century • argued for equality for women

  13. Ralph Waldo Emerson • Harvard educated • Minister--gave it up • Went to Europe to meet the romantic authors • Came back to write and speak

  14. Walt Whitman

  15. Literary Developments • Uniquely American themes • Washington Irving • Nathaniel Hawthorne • Edgar Allen Poe • Herman Melville

  16. Hudson River School

  17. Gilbert Stuart

  18. Reform Movements: Temperance • Crusade targeted alcohol consumption • Led by religious leaders and employers • Seen as an effort to protect home and prevent the squandering of wages by men • Alcohol seen as the cause of poverty

  19. Reform Movements: Women’s Rights • Mid-19th Century—inferior status to men • Denied right to vote • Limited educational opportunities • Limited right to own property • Grimke sisters • Began as abolitionist • Gradually adopted a women’s rights platform • Compared to slavery

  20. Women’s Rights continued • Struggle for suffrage • Seneca Falls Convention—1848 • Improvements made by: • Democratic spirit of the age of Jackson • Leaders • Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Lucy Stone (Henry Blackwell), Lucretia Mott • Bound with Abolitionism • Increased educational opportunity • Oberlin College

  21. Reform Movements: Abolition Movement • American Colonization Society—1816-17 • Early anti-slavery society • Sought to send freed slaves to Liberia • Abolitionists differed from early anti-slavery groups in their emphasis on racial equality

  22. Abolition Organized in Two Camps • Gradualists • Theodore Weld • Gradual erasure by the southern legislatures • Financial compensation • Avoid social and economic problems through gradual emancipation • Militants • Garrison & Douglass • Immediate emancipation without compensation • Garrison published The Liberator • Attacked slavery • Government collusion with the institution

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