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Objectives Overview

Objectives Overview. See Page 417 for Detailed Objectives. Objectives Overview. See Page 417 for Detailed Objectives. System Development. Page 418. System Development. Page 418 Figure 11-1. System Development. System development should follow three general guidelines:. Page 419.

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Objectives Overview

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  1. Objectives Overview See Page 417 for Detailed Objectives Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2011 Edition Chapter 11

  2. Objectives Overview See Page 417 for Detailed Objectives Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2011 Edition Chapter 11

  3. System Development Page 418 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2011 Edition Chapter 11

  4. System Development Page 418 Figure 11-1 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2011 Edition Chapter 11

  5. System Development • System development should follow three general guidelines: Page 419 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2011 Edition Chapter 11

  6. System Development • System development should involve representatives from each department in which the proposed system will be used Page 419 Figure 11-2 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2011 Edition Chapter 11

  7. System Development • Project managementis the process of planning, scheduling, and then controlling the activities during system development • To plan and schedule a project efficiently, the project leader identifies: Page 420 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2011 Edition Chapter 11

  8. System Development A popular tool used to plan and schedule the time relationships among project activities is a Gantt chart Click to view Web Link,click Chapter 11, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Gantt Charts below Chapter 11 Pages 420 - 421 Figure 11-3a Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2011 Edition Chapter 11

  9. System Development A PERT chart also can be used for planning and scheduling time Click to view Web Link,click Chapter 11, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click PERT Charts below Chapter 11 Pages 420 - 421 Figure 11-3b Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2011 Edition Chapter 11

  10. System Development • Feasibilityis a measure of how suitable the development of a system will be to the organization Page 421 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2011 Edition Chapter 11

  11. System Development • Documentation is the collection and summarization of data and information and includes: • Reports • Diagrams • Programs • Other information generated during system development Page 422 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2011 Edition Chapter 11

  12. System Development • During system development, members of the project team gather data and information using several techniques Pages 422 - 423 Figure 11-4 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2011 Edition Chapter 11

  13. System Development Page 423 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2011 Edition Chapter 11

  14. System Development • The planning phasefor a project begins when the steering committee receives a project request • Four major activities are performed: Page 425 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2011 Edition Chapter 11

  15. System Development • The analysis phaseconsists of two major activities: Pages 425 - 427 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2011 Edition Chapter 11

  16. System Development • The system proposal assesses the feasibility of each alternative solution • The steering committee discusses the system proposal and decides which alternative to pursue Click to view Web Link,click Chapter 11, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Vertical Market Software below Chapter 11 Pages 427 - 428 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2011 Edition Chapter 11

  17. System Development • The design phaseconsists of two major activities Page 428 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2011 Edition Chapter 11

  18. System Development • To acquire the necessary hardware and software: Click to view Web Link,click Chapter 11, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click E-Zines below Chapter 11 Pages 428 - 430 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2011 Edition Chapter 11

  19. System Development • The next step is to develop detailed design specifications • Sometimes called a physical design Pages 430 - 431 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2011 Edition Chapter 11

  20. System Development • A prototype (proof of concept) is a working model of the proposed system • Prototypes have inadequate or missing documentation • Users tend to embrace the prototype as a final system • Should not eliminate or replace activities Page 431 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2011 Edition Chapter 11

  21. System Development • Computer-aided software engineering (CASE) tools are designed to support one or more activities of system development Page 432 Figure 11-10 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2011 Edition Chapter 11

  22. System Development • The purpose of the implementation phaseis to construct the new or modified system and then deliver it Page 432 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2011 Edition Chapter 11

  23. System Development • Various tests should be performed on the new system Page 433 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2011 Edition Chapter 11

  24. System Development • Training involves showing users exactly how they will use the new hardware and software in the system • One-on-one sessions • Classroom-style lectures • Web-based training Page 433 Figure 11-11 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2011 Edition Chapter 11

  25. System Development • One or more of four conversion strategies can be used to change from the old system to the new system • Direct conversion • Parallel conversion • Phased conversion • Pilot conversion Pages 433 - 434 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2011 Edition Chapter 11

  26. System Development • The purpose of the operation, support, and security phase is to provide ongoing assistance for an information system and its users after the system is implemented Page 434 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2011 Edition Chapter 11

  27. System Development • A computer security planshould do the following: Page 434 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2011 Edition Chapter 11

  28. Programming Languages and Program Development Tools • A computer programis a series of instructions that directs a computer to perform tasks • Created by a programmerusing a programming language Pages 435 - 436 Figure 11-12 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2011 Edition Chapter 11

  29. Programming Languages and Program Development Tools • Machine language is the first generation of programming languages • Only language the computer directly recognizes Page 436 Figure 11-13 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2011 Edition Chapter 11

  30. Programming Languages and Program Development Tools • Assembly languageis the second generation of programming languages • Programmer writes instructions using symbolic instruction codes • A source programcontains the code to be converted to machine language Page 437 Figure 11-14 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2011 Edition Chapter 11

  31. Programming Languages and Program Development Tools • In a procedural language, the programmer writes instructions that tell the computer what to accomplish and how to do it • Third-generation language(3GL) Page 438 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2011 Edition Chapter 11

  32. Programming Languages and Program Development Tools • An object-oriented programming (OOP) languageallows programmers the ability to reuse and modify existing objects • Other advantages include: Page 440 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2011 Edition Chapter 11

  33. Programming Languages and Program Development Tools • A 4GL (fourth-generation language) is a nonprocedural languagethat enables users and programmers to access data in a database • One popular 4GL is SQL Page 443 Figure 11-21 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2011 Edition Chapter 11

  34. Programming Languages and Program Development Tools • An application generatoris a program that creates source code or machine code from a specification of the required functionality • Often bundled as part of a DBMS Pages 444 - 445 Figure 11-23 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2011 Edition Chapter 11

  35. Programming Languages and Program Development Tools • HTML is a special formatting language that programmers use to format documents for display on the Web • XHTML is a markup language that allows Web sites to be displayed more easily on mobile devices Page 446 Figure 11-24 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2011 Edition Chapter 11

  36. Programming Languages and Program Development Tools • XML allows Web developers to create customized tags and use predefined tags to display content appropriately on various devices • WML is a subset of XML and is used to design pages for microbrowsers • Two applications of XML are RSS 2.0 and ATOM Click to view Web Link,click Chapter 11, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click XML below Chapter 11 Pages 446 - 447 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2011 Edition Chapter 11

  37. Programming Languages and Program Development Tools • Web 2.0 allows Web sites to provide a means for users to: Page 448 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2011 Edition Chapter 11

  38. Programming Languages and Program Development Tools • Most Web 2.0 sites use APIs • An API enables programmers to interact with an environment such as a Web site or operating system Page 448 Figure 11-26 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2011 Edition Chapter 11

  39. Program Development Cycle • Program developmentconsists of a series of steps programmers use to build computer programs Pages 450 - 451 Figure 11-28 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2011 Edition Chapter 11

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