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Today

Today. Finish types of morphemes How to do morphological analysis Allomorphs Readings: 5.5. Simplify . To make simple or simpler; render less complex or intricate. [Fr. Simplifier < Med. Lat . Simplificare : Lat. Simplus, simple + facere, to make.].

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Today

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  1. Today • Finish types of morphemes • How to do morphological analysis • Allomorphs Readings: 5.5

  2. Simplify. To make simple or simpler; render less complex or intricate. [Fr. Simplifier < Med. Lat. Simplificare: Lat. Simplus, simple + facere, to make.] Amplify. To make larger or more powerful; increase. [ME amplifien < OFr. Amplifier < Latin amplificare: amplus, large + facere, to make.]

  3. Content vs. Function morphemes • Content morphemes: • Morphemes that have some kind of identifiable meaning… • house, crocodile, water, Laura, smurf • …or derivational affixes that, when added to a word, change its meaning or ‘part of speech’ • re-: play  replay (‘play again’) • -ly: happy (adj.) happily (adv.) • -er: drive (v.)  driver (n.)

  4. Content vs. Function morphemes • Function morphemes: • Provide information about grammatical function by relating words of a sentence, e.g., • prepositions: in, of, on • articles: a, an, the • pronouns: I, you, he • auxiliaries: am, is, are • inflectional affixes: -s, -ing, -ed

  5. ‘sadness’ How many morphemes? 2 (sad + ness) Free or bound? ‘sad’ is free, ‘-ness’ is bound Derivational or inflectional affix? ‘-ness’ is a derivational suffix Content or function morphemes? both are content morphemes

  6. Morphological analysis • The key to morphological analysis is comparison. • Compare similar forms with recurring units • [grapHo] ‘I write’ • [grapHE] ‘he writes’ • [pHEmi] ‘to speak’

  7. Morphological analysis • By finding similar forms with recurring units, use process of elimination to identifymorphemes • Determinethe meaning of the morphemes • Determine the order of morphemes in word formation

  8. Hungarian [EÔhçz] ‘a house’ [EÔboR] ‘a wine’ [hçzç] ‘his/her house’ [boRç] ‘his/her wine’ Steps 1, 2: Identify and define morphemes ‘house’ ‘wine’ ‘a’ ‘his/her’ [hçz] [boR] [EÔ] [ç]

  9. Hungarian [EÔhçz] ‘a house’ [EÔboR] ‘a wine’ [hçzç] ‘his/her house’ [boRç] ‘his/her wine’ Step 3: Determine the order of morphemes for Hungarian words: article + root + possessive [EÔboR] Art. + root [boRç] Root + poss.

  10. [denize] ‘to an ocean’ [denizin] ‘of an ocean’ [denizdZikde] ‘in a little ocean’ [denizlerimizde] ‘in our oceans’ [eve] ‘to a house’ [evden] ‘from a house’ [evdZikden] ‘from a little house’ [evdZiklerimizde] ‘in our little houses’ [elde] ‘in a hand’ [elim] ‘my hand’ [eller] ‘hands’ [eldZike] ‘to a little hand’ [diSler] ‘teeth’ [diSimizin] ‘of our tooth’ [diSlerimizin] ‘of our teeth’ 1.1 Turkish (p.172)

  11. [denize] ‘to an ocean’ [denizin] ‘of an ocean’ [denizdZikde] ‘in a little ocean’ [denizlerimizde] ‘in our oceans’ [eve] ‘to a house’ [evden] ‘from a house’ [evdZikden] ‘from a little house’ [evdZiklerimizde] ‘in our little houses’ [elde] ‘in a hand’ [elim] ‘my hand’ [eller] ‘hands’ [eldZike] ‘to a little hand’ [diSler] ‘teeth’ [diSimizin] ‘of our tooth’ [diSlerimizin] ‘of our teeth’ Turkish ‘in’ = ‘to’ = ‘from’ = ‘little’ = [de] [e] [den] [dZik] plural = ‘of’ = ‘our’ = ‘my’ = [ler] [in] [imiz] [im] ‘ocean’ = ‘house’ = ‘hand’ = ‘tooth’ = [deniz] [ev] [el] [diS]

  12. [denize] ‘to an ocean’ [denizin] ‘of an ocean’ [denizdZikde] ‘in a little ocean’ [denizlerimizde] ‘in our oceans’ [eve] ‘to a house’ [evden] ‘from a house’ [evdZikden] ‘from a little house’ [evdZiklerimizde] ‘in our little houses’ [elde] ‘in a hand’ [elim] ‘my hand’ [eller] ‘hands’ [eldZike] ‘to a little hand’ [diSler] ‘teeth’ [diSimizin] ‘of our tooth’ [diSlerimizin] ‘of our teeth’ Turkish What is the order of morphemes in a Turkish word? root + ‘little’ (adj.) + plural + poss. + preposition

  13. [denize] ‘to an ocean’ [denizin] ‘of an ocean’ [denizdZikde] ‘in a little ocean’ [denizlerimizde] ‘in our oceans’ [eve] ‘to a house’ [evden] ‘from a house’ [evdZikden] ‘from a little house’ [evdZiklerimizde] ‘in our little houses’ [elde] ‘in a hand’ [elim] ‘my hand’ [eller] ‘hands’ [eldZike] ‘to a little hand’ [diSler] ‘teeth’ [diSimizin] ‘of our tooth’ [diSlerimizin] ‘of our teeth’ Turkish How would you say ‘of my little teeth’ ? root + ‘little’ (adj.) + plural + poss. + preposition [diSdZiklerimin]

  14. [denize] ‘to an ocean’ [denizin] ‘of an ocean’ [denizdZikde] ‘in a little ocean’ [denizlerimizde] ‘in our oceans’ [eve] ‘to a house’ [evden] ‘from a house’ [evdZikden] ‘from a little house’ [evdZiklerimizde] ‘in our little houses’ [elde] ‘in a hand’ [elim] ‘my hand’ [eller] ‘hands’ [eldZike] ‘to a little hand’ [diSler] ‘teeth’ [diSimizin] ‘of our tooth’ [diSlerimizin] ‘of our teeth’ Turkish What kind of language is Turkish? agglutinating: (a type of synthetic language) affixes may be easily separated from stems; each conveys one meaning.

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