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Biomass Energy

Biomass Energy. By Ben Prakopcyk, Leslie Sullivan, and Andrew Reed. Biomass is a renewable energy source that is made from biological material from living or recently living organisms. Biomass fuel can also include sewage sludge and animal manure.

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Biomass Energy

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  1. Biomass Energy By Ben Prakopcyk, Leslie Sullivan, and Andrew Reed

  2. Biomass is a renewable energy source that is made from biological material from living or recently living organisms. Biomass fuel can also include sewage sludge and animal manure. The biological material is incinerated to produce energy. Processes such as cogeneration, gasification, and fermentation can also be used to harvest this energy. What is biomass energy?

  3. History of Biomass • Prior to industrial revolution, biomass satisfied nearly all of mans energy needs. • Up until 1860’s, the U.S. used biomass, in form of wood, for nearly 91% of all energy consumption. • In 1992 biomass generated $1.8 billion in personal and corporate income and employed 66,000 workers. • 14% of the world still uses biomass.

  4. Where is biomass being used today? • Industry- Wood and agricultural residues are burned as a fuel for cogeneration of steam and electricity in the industrial sector. • Residential/commercial buildings- power generation is used for space heating in homesand buildings • Manufacturing- Biomass materials can also be used directly in the manufacturing of a variety of products.

  5. Efficiency • The efficiency of biomass depends on how what type of resource is used • These resources could be from grass trimmings to methane gas • One of the most efficient ways of using biomass is the use of briquettes • Briquettes are small chunks of grass, straw, or wood • They are burned in furnaces and boilers to heat houses and buildings

  6. Location • Anywhere in the United States is a good location for the use of biomass • In different parts of the U.S. people would use different forms of biomass • In rural areas people could use straw and hay briquettes • In cities they could use methane gas from landfills around them

  7. Our Community • This resource is available in our community • Around here we could use briquettes made from grass trimmings and raked leaves • Around this area people would have no problem getting grass trimmings and leaves to send to place to make briquettes to heat their houses

  8. Our State • Biomass is available all around the state of New Jersey • In cities like Newark they could use methane gas as a resource from the landfills in the area • In the suburban areas grass trimmings and leaves could be made in to briquettes • All over the state biomass could be useful

  9. Cost • The cost of biomass can be high initially • On a small scale trying to make methane a legitimate source it takes more money to make than the money you save for using it • But on a large scale this number is drastically lowered • For the briquettes it is a very low cost fuel source • Most of the cost only comes from the machine to make the briquettes which cost between $12000 and $55000

  10. Benefits of Biomass Energy • Economic • Biomass could replace half of oil imports and direct a minimum of $25 billion to the U.S. economy not to foreign oil markets • 17,000 jobs are generated for every million gallons of ethanol • Environmental • Preservation of agricultural land that otherwise would be sold for residential development or industrial use • Sustainable agricultural techniquescan restore and ensure soil stability • Use of waste from agricultural and timber industries. An estimated 350 million tons of waste that goes to landfills could be used for energy production

  11. Biomass disadvantages • Burning biomass directly as a fuel produces more greenhouses gases than can be absorbed by remaining plants, making it a hazardous contributor to global warming. • Combustion of biomass as a fuel consumes materials at a much faster rate than it can be replaced. This means that biomass is not a very efficient source of energy. • However, with the addition of a small amount of energy, biomass can be converted into a different fuel, alcohol or methane, that is relatively clean burning and yields more energy than the original mass going into the process.

  12. How does Biomass energy get to consumers? Through conversion methods (combustion, gasification) the biomass is changed to electricity which can then be spread through power lines to homes. How will Biomass assimilate into our lives? Biomass was the original method of producing energy so humans have already dealt with it, but has since diminished. Scientists predict that biomass energy will be one of the most important aspects in the transformation to renewable energy.

  13. How It Works Biomass is a clean renewable energy resource derived from the waste of various human and natural activities.. It is extracted from distinct these distinct sources; wood, waste, alcohol fuels, crops, and landfill gases. It is a simple process to harness the energy created by biomass. The waste wood and other sources are gathered in large quantities, It is then transported to a biomass plant. Then it is fed into furnaces where it is burned. The heat created is used to boil water and the steam is what is used to rotate the turbines and generators. Another method of generating energy from biomass is using landfill gas. When garbage is burned or allowed to decompose it gives off methane gas. Pipelines are put into the landfills and methane gas is collected and used in power plants.

  14. Pollution As a fuel biomass produces air pollution in the form of carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds (V.O.C’s). In some cases pollution from biomass is at levels above that of traditional fuel sources, such as coal or natural gas. Also, black carbon is a pollutant created by incomplete combustion of fuels, biofuels and biomass. Black Carbon is possibly the second largest contributor to global warming. Even with the best air pollution controls a single plant release millions of pounds of unregulated pollutants each year.

  15. Bioethanol Bioethanol is an alternative fuel made from biomass when the biomass is converted into sugars which are then fermented into ethanol. Hydrolysis separates most of the water from the ethanol which leaves an end product that is generally 95% ethanol and 5% water. Bioethanol can be blended with gasoline at any ratio. However the most common blend is E10 which is 10% ethanol and 90% gasoline. These mixtures can be used in existing gasoline engines without modifications and without affecting a vehicle warranty. Compared to gasoline bioethanol reduces emissions of carbon monoxide and a number of other pollutants by as much as 25% or more over conventional gasoline.

  16. http://www.esru.strath.ac.uk/EandE/Web_sites/02-03/biofuels/what_bioethanol.htmhttp://www.esru.strath.ac.uk/EandE/Web_sites/02-03/biofuels/what_bioethanol.htm http://www.rsc.org/chemistryworld/News/2010/April/19041001.asp http://www.energyjustice.net/biomass http://blogs.princeton.edu/chm333/f2006/biomass/comparison/pollution/ http://www.biomass.net/

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