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Small-Scale Biodiesel Production

Small-Scale Biodiesel Production. John Nowatzki Extension Ag Machine Systems Specialist North Dakota State University. Small-Scale Equipment. 50 gal in 2 hours -$12,675.00 BK-300 BioKing_Netherlands. 50 gal in 60 hours - $7,995.00 BioPro_190 SSI Indiana. 80 gal in 8 hours-$6,800.00

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Small-Scale Biodiesel Production

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  1. Small-Scale Biodiesel Production John Nowatzki Extension Ag Machine Systems Specialist North Dakota State University

  2. Small-Scale Equipment 50 gal in 2 hours -$12,675.00 BK-300 BioKing_Netherlands 50 gal in 60 hours - $7,995.00 BioPro_190 SSI Indiana. 80 gal in 8 hours-$6,800.00 Ester Machine B100 Supply_Georgia. 40 gal in 24 hours - $2,495.00 Home Biodiesel_Bentonville, AR.

  3. Biodiesel • Biodiesel Today • What is Biodiesel? • Oil Extraction and Preparation • Processing • Quality Factors • Questions/Comments

  4. US Biodiesel Production 864 million gallons projected for 2007

  5. US Biodiesel Plants 864 million gallons per year. Organization of producers, blenders & marketers

  6. US Biodiesel Plants 1.7 billion gallons per year Organization of producers, blenders & marketers

  7. Bio-fuel Information 1. 10-year average ND yields, ND Agricultural Statistics Service. 2. National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Bioethanol Multi-Year Technical Plan, Preliminary Draft (Golden, CO,  July 1999). 3. Iogen Corporation, Ottowa, CA

  8. Biodiesel Fuel Characteristics

  9. What is Biodiesel? • Processed engine fuel made from vegetable oils and animal fats • B100 – Pure Biodiesel • ASTM D6751 Standard

  10. Seed Preparation • Remove Extraneous Material • Screening • Pass Over Magnet

  11. Oil Extraction • Expeller Pressing or Solvent Extraction • Heat Seeds • Crush Seeds • Oil Extraction – Expeller Press • Crude Oil • Cake

  12. Oil Preparation • Degumming • Remove Phospholipids (gums) • Water Wash • Remove all Water • Water - fatty acids form salts • Heat to 120°C

  13. Processing • Chemical Reaction • Oil plus Alcohol • Yields Fatty Acid Alkyl Esters + Glycerin • Catalyst - Potassium Hydroxide • Proportions: • 10 parts oil - 1 part alcohol • 10 parts biodiesel - 1 part glycerin • Catalyst based on fatty acid content • Requires Excess Alcohol

  14. Quality Factors • ASTM standard D6751 • 18 factors • Purity • Storage • Cold Weather Properties • Engines Operation • Complete Conversion • Catalyst and Glycerin Removed

  15. Biodiesel Quality Factors American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM) specifications. Biodiesel Standard: ASTM D 6751

  16. Quality Factors • Total Glycerin - Incomplete Reaction • Free Glycerin - Incomplete Washing • May Separate in Storage • Clogs Filters • Total Acid number • Methanol Carryover • Effects on Seals and Hoses

  17. More Information • John Nowatzki • Extension Ag Machine Systems Specialist • North Dakota State University • Telephone: 701-231-8213 • Email: John.Nowatzki@ndsu.edu • http://www.ag.ndsu.nodak.edu/abeng/energy_efficiency/

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