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CUBA

CUBA. Kevin Incitti Tiffany Howett Courtney Kase Ashley Burneka Brian Dougan. Cuba: A Brief History. Kevin Incitti. Cuba: A Brief History. Discovered by Christopher Columbus in 1492, and is located just 90 miles south of Key West

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CUBA

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  1. CUBA Kevin Incitti Tiffany Howett Courtney Kase Ashley Burneka Brian Dougan

  2. Cuba: A Brief History Kevin Incitti

  3. Cuba: A Brief History • Discovered by Christopher Columbus in 1492, and is located just 90 miles south of Key West • Original occupants of the island were Arawak Indians, were wiped out by Spanish

  4. Cuba: A Brief History • US gained control of Cuba in the Spanish American War in 1898 • Through the Platt Amendment, Cuba was given Independence • The US had secured for itself the areas of Guantanamo and Bahia Honda, eventually giving up Bahia Honda for expanded control in Guantanamo, where they built a naval base

  5. Cuba: A Brief History • US continuously intervened in Cuban affairs, throughout the early 1900’s • Intervened in the August and February Revolutions, and in elections, until Geraldo Machado was elected President in 1924 • Cuba was economically depressed and in political crisis -opposition to Machado was growing • 1933 Fulgencio Batista leads the Sergeants Revolt, overthrowing the established administration

  6. Cuba: A Brief History • Batista appoints Ramon Grau San Martin to power, who institutes sweeping range of social, economic, and political reforms • Batista then removes Ramon Grau San Martin from power, seizes control • Batista establishes a new constitution in 1940, only to be defeated in the 1944 elections by Grau San Martin

  7. Cuba: A Brief History • Cuba, still under the same regime, but now headed by Carlos Prio Socarras, was overthrown AGAIN, by Batista in 1952. • In July of 1953, Fidel Castro plans an attack on the Moncada barracks, landing him in prison. • Soon thereafter, Castro is freed from jail, and goes to Mexico to train and organize, he then returns to Cuba.

  8. Cuba: A Brief History • The US begins an arms embargo on the Batista Regime, which in turn, is interpreted as support for Castro • On January 1, 1959 Castro takes power in Cuba

  9. Cuba: A Brief History • Still in power today, Castro consolidated power, seized properties, and has led Cuba through historical events such as • The Bay of Pigs • Cuban Missile Crisis • Fall of one time ally the Soviet Union • The Mariel Boatlift (responsible for the emigration of 125,000 Cubans to Florida) • increased US sanctions

  10. Population Tiffany Howett

  11. Population • 11.3 million • 70% live in urban areas, 30% in rural areas • Majority of population located in large cities of Havana, Santiago de Cuba, and Camaguey • 95% Spanish Speaking • 97% literacy rate

  12. Population • Growth Rate: 34% as of late 2004 • Median Age: Total- 34.8 years Male- 34.2 years Female- 35.5 years

  13. Population • Birth Rate: 12.18 births/ 1000 population (2004 estimate) • Death Rate: averaged 7.17 deaths/ 1000 population • Life Expectancy: • Total- 74.04 years • Male- 74.77 years • Female- 79.44 years

  14. Population • Ethnic Groups: • 51% Mulatto • 37% White • 11% Black • 1% Chinese

  15. Religion Ashley Burneka

  16. Religion • Roman Catholic- 6,205,000 • Jehovah Witnesses-869,462,002 • Jewish-1000 • Other religions represented are- Protestant, Pentecostal, freemasonry and many afro-Cuban religions such as Santeria.

  17. Religion • Due to centuries of slavery many African religions have developed in Cuba • Santeria or Regla de Ocha come from the Yoruba culture in Nigeria. • Practice magic, pray, divination, and sacrifice.

  18. Religion • Abakua is another Afro-Cuban religion which is a secret society for males that is practiced in the western part of Cuba.

  19. EconomyTiffany Howett

  20. Economy • Gross domestic Product (GDP)- based on agriculture, industry, and services- about $32.13 billion on purchasing • 5.5% Agriculture • 27% Industry • 67.6% Services • Today, most of the economy is run by the government, and is still recovering from the decline of GDP in 1989

  21. Economy • Labor Force: In 2003 the labor force was 4.58, continues to rise • 24% work in Agriculture • 25% work in Industry Sector • 51% work in Services • According the Cuban Government 75% of the labor force is working for the state

  22. Economy • Products: World producer of Sugar Cane • Also reliant on • Tourism • Coffee • Potatoes • Rice • Petroleum • Tobacco • Nickel • Steel • Livestock

  23. National/Pop Culture Brian Dougan

  24. National/ Popular Culture • Education • High level of Cuban education • 1/42 ratio • Literacy 96% • 95% ages six-sixteen • Communication • Ministry of Communications • Telecommunications infrastructure • 1990’s cellular introduction • China’s aid • Choteo • Print Publications

  25. Music Afro-Cuban Bolero Classical Habanera Sports Baseball Boxing Jazz Mambo Rumba Salsa Cockfighting Dominoes National/Popular Culture

  26. Festivities Carnivals New Years Day Los Quince Community Life Bodegas Botanicas Crime Three Kings Day Noche Buena Divorce Cigar Making Guajiros National/Popular Culture

  27. A Taste of Cuba: Food, Customs, and Material Life Courtney Kase

  28. Customs • Everyday life (greetings) • Kissing and hugging • Carnival • The Conga • commemorates the days of Corpus Christi and the Epiphany • “Primero de Enero or Dia de Ano” (New Year’s) • Los quince

  29. Cuban Cuisine • Simple in concept, complex in flavor • Influenced by Spanish, French, African, Arabic, Chinese, and Portuguese cultures • Although an island, fish is rarely used in cooking; meat is favored food especially beef • Staples in diet include: rice, beans, and vegetables • Popular vegetables such as yucca (potato-like vegetable) and sweet potatoes • Cucumber abundant vegetable

  30. Ajiaco: Cuba’s National Dish

  31. Fried Plantains

  32. Cuban Cuisine • Breakfast • tostada and cafe con leche • tostada is a portion of Cuban bread which is buttered then toasted on a grill.  The cafe con leche is a combination of strong, espresso coffee with warm milk. Dunk bread into drink • Lunch • empanadas, chicken or meat turnovers, or Cuban sandwiches • sandwich could be a media noche (midnight sandwich), consisting of a slice of pork, ham, and swiss cheese and then topped with pickles and mustard on sweetened egg bread.

  33. Cuban Cuisine • Snack • Cuban bakeries famous for their finger foods, such as pastelitos, croquetas, bocaditos, and empanadas.  Pastelitos are small flaky turnovers in various shapes filled with meat, cheese, guava, or a combination of guava and cream cheese. Bocaditos are small bite size sandwiches layered with a ham spread. • Dinner • Consists of a meat, chicken, or fish dish as the entree accompanied by white rice, black beans, and maduros, sweet fried plantains.  • Followed by dessert of the typical flan, a Cuban caramel-flavored custard, and another shot of cafe cubano.

  34. Cuban Cuisine • Holidays • small pig, marinated with salt, garlic, and sour orange juice, and then roasted over an open fire, and slowly cooked for several hours.  • Served with congri, a white rice and black bean mixture also known as Moors and Christians,  boniato in a garlic dressing, and maduros. • U.S. influenced foods: • Hamburger “frita”

  35. Drink • Rum • “Rum and Coke” known as “Cuba Libre” • Consumed at most meals • “Mojito” • Cuban rum, seltzer water, sugar, lime, and mint leaves

  36. Material Life • Major industries • Tobacco and coffee competed with sugar since 19th century • Tourism most promising new activity for earning of hard currency • Reintroduction of animal traction for agriculture • Nickel is abundant mineral resource

  37. Language Ashley Burneka

  38. Language • Spanish is the official language of Cuba. • There are not various different dialects across nation. • English is spoken in many of the larger cities and tourist areas. Especially around Havana.

  39. Language • Creole is also spoken in many eastern provinces of the island because of Haitian immigrants who fled to Cuba at the end of the Haitian revolution • Prior to the collapse of the Soviet Union many students were taught Russian and German as second languages • After the collapse everything quickly switched to English, such as the classes taught in school and universities

  40. Government/Social Order Brian Dougan

  41. Government/ Social Order • Republic of Cuba • Communist State • Capital: Havana • Administrative divisions • 14 Provinces • Legal System • 3 Branches (Executive,Legislative,Judicial)

  42. Government/Social Order • Political parties-Cuban Communist Party • Leader: Fidel Castro • Diplomatic Representation • In US-None • From US-None • Independence • December 10, 1898-from Spain • May 20, 1902-form United States

  43. Conclusion • Cuban people have dealt with a remarkably unstable history full of revolutions • Their economy struggles, and they are making a strong push to increase tourism • Fidel Castro’s power has been a mainstay for the last 50 years • Being in the US we mainly hear of the poor conditions in Cuba, rarely about their deep rooted culture, traditions, and celebrations • While the living conditions in Cuba are poor for many, the people are strong and will continue to move forward

  44. Questions?

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