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Blood Vessels

Vasculitides refer to a group of conditions characterized by the inflammation of blood vessels, manifesting as non-specific systemic symptoms such as fever, myalgia, arthralgia, and malaise. Pathogenic mechanisms involve immune responses, including hypersensitivity reactions and ANCA positivity. Notably, Giant Cell (Temporal) Arteritis affects older adults and may lead to serious complications like blindness. Diagnosis typically requires biopsy, while corticosteroids are crucial for treatment, especially for vision preservation. Awareness of these conditions is vital for timely intervention.

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Blood Vessels

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    1. Blood Vessels

    3. Vasculitides = Inflammation of Blood Vessels Present with Non-Specific/ systemic/Vague complaints Fever, Myalgia, Artharlgia, Malaise, etc., Pathogenic Mechanisms Immune MCC 1. Immune complex = Hypersensitivity (to Drugs), Following Viral Infections (PAN & HBV) 2. ANCA Positive (Anti Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody) C- ANCA (Ab Against Proteinase -3) = Wagener's P- ANCA ( Ab against MPO) = mPAN, Chaurg Straus 3. Anti Endothelial Cell = SLE, Kawasakis Infectious Less Common, Direct Trauma is the cause, can be Bacterial or fungal

    4. Vasculitides = Types Based on Size of Vessels involved Site of involvement Characteristic Features 1. Giant Cell ( Temporal ) Arteritis Systemic Vasculitis Sites = Temporal ( Head ache & Facial Pain), Vertebral, Ophthalmic ( Blindness), Aorta ( Aneurysm) Age, Sex & Ethnicity = >50 yrs., M=F, Nordic people Clinical = Facial Pain & Headache, Diplopia & Blindness (most dangerous, Sudden, permanent) Pathology / Morphology = Granulomas in vessel walls, Giant cells, Segmental involvement Diagnosis = Biopsy is important Treatment = Steroids save vision

    5. 1. Giant Cell ( Temporal ) Arteritis Systemic Vasculitis Sites = Temporal ( Head ache & Facial Pain), Vertebral, Ophthalmic ( Blindness), Aorta ( Aneurysm) Age, Sex & Ethnicity = >50 yrs., M=F, Nordic people Clinical = Facial Pain & Headache, Diplopia & Blindness (most dangerous, Sudden, permanent) Pathology / Morphology = Granulomas in vessel walls, Giant cells, Segmental involvement, Fragmentation of Internal Elastic Lamina (IEL) Diagnosis = Biopsy is important Treatment = Steroids save vision

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