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Liquid Crystals

Liquid Crystals. A Unique State of Matter. Prepared By: Joseph A. Castellano, Ph.D., RESEED Silicon Valley, 2008. Solid or Crystal State. Liquid Crystal State. Liquid Crystal Ordering. Attractive Forces Hold Molecules in Line. Single Molecules.

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Liquid Crystals

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  1. Liquid Crystals A Unique State of Matter Prepared By: Joseph A. Castellano, Ph.D., RESEED Silicon Valley, 2008

  2. Solid or Crystal State

  3. Liquid Crystal State

  4. Liquid Crystal Ordering Attractive Forces Hold Molecules in Line Single Molecules Each line of molecules can slide past each other

  5. Normal Liquid State

  6. Changes from One State to Another Heat Heat Cool Cool Liquid Liquid Crystal Solid A Completely Reversible Physical Change

  7. Liquid Crystal Molecule Licristal K-18 made by E. Merck, Darmstadt, Germany

  8. Liquid Crystals under a Microscope Molecular model of the mixture Scanning Tunneling Microscope photo of a liquid crystal mixture 100 x 100 Angstrom Units Source: Frommer, J., Liquid Crystals Today, 3 (2) 1993; Photos taken at IBM Almaden Research Center

  9. Observing the Liquid Crystal State Heat Heat Cool Cool Liquid Crystal (Opaque) Clear Liquid Solid (Crystals) A Completely Reversible Physical Change

  10. Phase Change Diagram For K-18 Liquid Crystal

  11. Drop of Liquid Crystal on Glass

  12. Thin Layer of Liquid Crystal in “Nematic” (Thread-like) Phase

  13. Motion of Liquid Crystals in Electric Fields

  14. Liquid Crystals Uses • Displays for Electronic Products • Computers • Television • Cell Phones • iPODs • Clocks and watches • Instrument gauges • Thermometers • Temperature Sensors • Biological Research • Chemical Structure Analysis

  15. Liquid Crystals Displays (LCDs) • Why Liquid Crystals? • Very Low Power Consumption • Low Voltage Operation • Very Thin Display • Compatible with Digital Electronics • Can be made in many different sizes

  16. First Liquid Crystal Display 1967 – RCA Laboratories

  17. First Watches to use LCDs 1970 1972

  18. First LCD Computer Displays 8 x 3-inch Screens 1983

  19. First LCD Color Television 2-inch diagonal screen -1983

  20. Simple Version of Liquid Crystal TV Display Assembly

  21. Cross-section of One Picture Element In Color Liquid Crystal TV Display

  22. Increasing Screen Size of LCD Televisions

  23. Increasing Screen Size of LCD Televisions 45-inch screen Sharp - 2000 52-inch screen LG.Philips - 2003

  24. Increasing Screen Size of LCD Televisions 82-inch screen Samsung – 2005

  25. Increasing Screen Size of LCD Televisions 100-inch screen LG.Philips – 2006

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