Industrial Revolution Begins

1. Industrial RevolutionBegins

2. Revolution in Great Britain • 1700s = change in technology • energy source changed from human & animal power to machinery • Industrial Revolution occurred when use of power-driven machinery was developed this started in Great Britain

3. Factors for Successin Great Britain • exploration and colonialism • power of the sea • political stability • government support • growth of private investment

4. Agricultural Factors • 1701  Jethro Tull invented seed drill • landowners bought up small farms and consolidated them in the enclosure movement

5. Factors of Production: Land • Great Britain had great natural resources • coal for fuel • iron for steel & machinery • waterways (rivers & canals) to generate power and transport raw materials and goods

7. Factors of Production: Labor • Great Britain’s population grew because of greater food supply • enclosure movement took land away from small farmers • resulted in surplus of available workers

8. Factors of Production: Capital • capital is the money or property a business needs to stay in business • capital can be money, machines, or people • people who specialized in one area had abilities and skills to their advantages

9. A Revolution in Textiles • a cottage industry is an occupation in which you make a craft and it is done in your home • making cloth had been a cottage industry • cloth was made mostly with wool

10. A New Way of Making Cloth • cloth was now made from wool and cotton • more sheep could be raised due to the enclosure movement • cotton came to Great Britain from the colonies • new inventions helped the process of cloth making

11. Cotton Gin • invented by Eli Whitney • removed seeds from raw cotton

12. Spinning Jenny • invented by James Hargreaves • spun multiple threads at one time • threads were still thick and broke easily

13. Spinning Frame • invented by Richard Arkwright • similar to the spinning jenny • spun stronger, thinner threads

14. “Flying Shuttle” • invented by John Kay • pushed thread back and forth on loom automatically • had been done by the weaver pushing the shuttle back and forth • allowed for looms to be wider than arm’s width

15. Power Loom • invented by Edmund Cartwright in 1785 • automated the weaving process

16. Cloth Making Outside the Home • new inventions to speed up the cloth making process were big machines • machines needed a special place to house them • cloth now made in FACTORIES

17. Steam Powers the Revolution • steam is created when water is heated to the point of vaporizing • water vapors expand when hot • steam engines were invented in 1712 by Thomas Newcomen

18. Newcomen Steam Engine

19. Development of the Steam Engine • James Watt innovated Newcomen’s steam engine to be more efficient • Watt’s engine was better suited for factories • 1802  Richard Trevithick put a steam engine in first locomotive • 1807  Robert Fulton developed the first steamship

20. Coal for British Steam Engines • coal mining industry in northern and western England grew • by 1800, Great Britain produced 80% of Europe’s coal • mining was dangerous • explosions • coal dust • collapsing shafts • hard labor

21. THE IMPACT OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION 1700-1900

22. Before the Industrial Revolution Cottage industry Production at home, but under the social conditions of capitalism

23. German hand-loom weaver

24. ECONOMIC TRANSFORMATION Agricultural Revolution of 18th Century • Introduction of New Crops • Legumes, turnips, clover, potatoes • Scientific Livestock Breeding • Enclosure System

25. ECONOMIC TRANSFORMATION • Rapid Population Growth in 18th Century • 1700-1800:110 million to 190 million • Better health practices • Smallpox Inoculation • Sanitation

26. INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION • Increased Demand for goods • Investment Capital • Cheap Labor • Inventions • Flying Shuttle • Cotton Gin • Spinning Jenny • Power Loom • Steam Engine

27. Role of Technology • Cotton and the spinning jenny • Cotton gin (Eli Whitney, 1793)

28. The Industrial Revolution Steam power Thomas Newcomen James Watt

29. Cotton ProductionFactory System

30. Improved Transportation Canals Railroads Iron Production Factory System INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

31. Role of technology: Iron and steam • Iron smelting – coke • 1780s – high quality iron (ships, weapons, rails and nails) • 1782 – rotary engine

32. Role of Technology: railroad • Rocket • Liverpool to Manchester line (1830) • 20 years: 50 mph, 2,000 miles of tracks • effects

33. Role of technology: transportation Revolution

35. SPREAD OF INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

36. Social impacts: factories and their effects

37. Urbanization • Significant Population Growth • Move to the cities--shift of orientation from countryside to city. • Housing, public health, crime, sanitation • Poor working conditions • Child labor; female labor

38. Social Impacts: new social classes • Working class • Child and female labor • Working conditions

39. Class Consciousness • Middle Class—bourgeoisie • Working Class—proletariat • Peasant • Landed Gentry—old aristocracy

40. Social and political impacts: middle, entrepreneurial and business classes • Concept of “middle class” • New business aristocracy

41. Social and political impacts: reforms, regulations and labor organizations • Cotton factories Regulation Act (1819) • MP Sadler and the Factory Act (1833) • Ashley and the Mines Act (1842) • Unions, 1824 • Grand National Consolidated Trade Unions, 1834