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Understanding Language and Thought: Theories, Development, and Influence

This chapter explores the intricate relationship between language and thought, focusing on core concepts including phonemes, morphemes, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics. It delves into various theories of language development, such as the behaviorist and nativist perspectives, as well as milestones like cooing, babbling, and the emergence of first words. Furthermore, it examines the influence of language on cognition, including the Whorfian hypothesis, decision-making processes, and problem-solving. Enhance your understanding of how language shapes our thoughts and social interactions.

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Understanding Language and Thought: Theories, Development, and Influence

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Chapter 8 Language and Thought

  2. Language & Conversation • Phoneme – basic sound unit of speech • Morpheme – Smallest unit of language that has meaning • Syntax – rules used to combine words into phrases and sentences • Semantics – rules governing the meaning of words and sentences • Pragmatics – social aspects of language

  3. Theories of Language Development • Behaviorist perspective – B.F. Skinner • Nativist perspective – Noam Chomsky • Language Acquisition Device

  4. Milestones of Language Development • Cooing – 1 – 5 mos. • Babbling – 4 – 18 mos. • First words – 10 – 13 mos. • Referential style – objects • Expressive style – pronouns and social words • Holophrases (One word sentences) – 12 – 18 mos. • Vocabulary spurt & telegraphic speech – 18 – 24 mos.

  5. Language and Young Children • Overextension – using a word too broadly • Underextension – using a word too narrowly • Overregularization – using grammatical rules too strictly • Child-directed speech/motherese/ parentese – used by adults & children when speaking to babies

  6. Language’s Influence on Thought • Whorfian hypothesis • Linguistic relativity – language influences thoughts

  7. Thinking • Cognition • Top-down processing • Bottom-up processing • Problem solving • Heuristics • Means-end analysis • Analogies • Barriers to problem solving • Mindlessness • Functional fixedness • Mental set • Creativity

  8. Decision Making • Heuristics • Availability • Representativeness • Anchoring & adjustment • Decision frames • Positive & negative framing

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