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Chapter 10 Section 3

Chapter 10 Section 3. The Spread of Christian Ideas. Reading Strategy, p. 195. The Byzantine Church. The church survived the fall of the Western Roman Empire, and the pope became the strongest leader in Western Europe.

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Chapter 10 Section 3

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  1. Chapter 10Section 3 The Spread of Christian Ideas

  2. Reading Strategy, p. 195

  3. The Byzantine Church • The church survived the fall of the Western Roman Empire, and the pope became the strongest leader in Western Europe. • Under the pope, the Latin churches of the region became known as the Roman Catholic Church. • In the east, however, the Roman Empire continued and developed into the Byzantine Empire, which was the name for the Roman Empire as it developed in Eastern Europe. (PTL, p.197)*

  4. Church and government worked closely together in the Byzantine Empire. The Byzantines believed their emperor represented Jesus Christ on Earth. The emperor also chose the patriarch of Constantinople, the leading Church official in the Byzantine Empire.* The Byzantine ChurchChurch and State

  5. *In the A.D. 700s, a major dispute divided the Church in the Byzantine Empire. The argument was over the use of icons, which are pictures or images of Jesus, Mary (the mother of Jesus), and the saints, or Christian holy people. (TTK, p.196) Many Byzantines honored icons, but some wanted to end the use of icons. * The Byzantine ChurchReligious Arguments

  6. Emperor Leo III did not approve of icons. In A.D. 726, he ordered all icons removed from churches. Government officials who carried out his orders were known as iconoclasts, or image breakers. An iconoclast is someone who attacks traditional beliefs or institutions. (TTK, p.196) Most Byzantines, including the pope in Rome, opposed the emperor’s orders. The dispute over the use of icons damaged the ties between the church of Rome and Constantinople. After years, the use of icons is accepted and an important part of Eastern Orthodox religious practice. The Byzantine ChurchReligious Arguments

  7. The Byzantine Church Conflicts Between Churches *The most serious argument was about how churches were to be run. The pope claimed that he was the head of Christian churches. The Byzantines did not accept his claim, as they believed the patriarch of Constantinople and other bishops were equal to the pope. In the A.D. 700s, the Byzantine emperor refused to help the pope when Italy was invaded. The pope turned instead to Germanic people called the Franks for help.*

  8. The Byzantine ChurchConflicts Between Churches • *In A.D. 800, the pope gave the Frankish king, Charlemagne, the title of emperor (PTM, p.197). • This angered the Byzantines because they believed the leader of the Byzantines was the only true leader. • This conflict pointed out the difference in how each church felt about relations with the government.

  9. In the Byzantine Empire, the emperor was in control, with church leaders respecting his wishes. In the West, the pope claimed both spiritual and political power. He often quarreled with kings over church and government affairs. The Byzantine ChurchConflicts between churches

  10. The Byzantine ChurchConflicts Between Churches • After centuries of tension, the pope and patriarch of Constantinople took a drastic step in their ongoing feud. • In A.D.1054, they excommunicated each other. Excommunication means to declare that a person or group no longer belongs to the church (TTK, p.196). • This began a schism, or separation (TTK, p.196), of the two most important branches of Christianity. • The split between the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Churches has lasted until this day.

  11. Sum It Up, p. 197 • How did the church and government work together in the Byzantine Empire? • Church and government worked closely together. The Byzantines believed their emperor represented Jesus Christ on Earth. The emperor was in control, and the church leaders respected his wishes.

  12. Christian Ideas Spread

  13. During the A.D. 300s, a new kind of religious group was born in the Eastern Roman Empire. Men called monks banded together in religious communities called monasteries(TTK, p.198) Monks tried to live a spiritual life apart from the temptations of the world Christian Ideas SpreadWhat are monasteries?

  14. Christian Ideas SpreadWhat are monasteries? • In the early A.D 400s, Paula, a Roman widow, gave up her wealth and went to Palestine. • There, she built churches, a hospital, and a convent. • She helped a scholar named Jerome translate the Bible from Hebrew and Greek into Latin

  15. A bishop called Basil drew up a list of rules for monks and nuns to follow. This list, called the Basilian Rule, became the model for Eastern Orthodox religious life. (PTM, p.198) In the West, the Benedictine Rule was followed. It was written by an Italian monk named Benedict (PTM, p.198).* Christianity SpreadsWhat are monasteries?

  16. Monks and nuns began to play important roles in Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox life.* One important duty was to serve as missionaries. Missionaries teach their religion to those who do not believe. (TTK, p.198) Christian Ideas SpreadWhat are monasteries?

  17. Among the most successful Byzantine missionaries were two brothers, Cyril and Methodius.* Cyril was a Byzantine missionary who invented the Slavic alphabet (PTM, p. 199) Christian Ideas SpreadChristianity Spreads North

  18. Britain and Ireland were two islands where Christian missionaries traveled seeking converts (PTL, p. 199)* These people were the Angles and Saxons. These groups united to become the Anglo-Saxons.* The southern part of Britain soon became known as “Angleland”, or England Christian Ideas SpreadChristianity Spreads West

  19. *In the A.D. 400s, a priest named Patrick brought Christianity to Ireland (PTM, p. 199) He set up a number of monasteries and churches. Irish monks played an important role in preserving Christian and Roman learning. The Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of Britain were slower than Ireland to accept the new religion. In A.D. 597, Pope Gregory sent about 40 monks from Rome to take Christianity to England. The missionaries converted Ethelburt, the ruler of the English kingdom of Kent. Ethelburt allowed missionaries to build a church in his capital city of Canterbury. In about 100 years, most of England was Christian. Today, Canterbury is still an important center of Christianity in England. Christian Ideas SpreadChristianity Spreads West

  20. Sum It Up, p. 199 • How did Christianity spread westward? • Britain was invaded by Anglos & Saxons and later became Christian.

  21. Section Wrap Up, p.200 • How did church and government work together in the Byzantine Empire? • Church and government worked closely. They Byzantines believed their emperor represented Jesus Christ on Earth. The Emperor chose the leading church official. The emperor was in control, and the church leaders respected his wishes.

  22. Section Wrap Up, p. 200 • How did Christian ideas spread to Europe? • Monks and nuns served as missionaries. Missionaries traveled to other countries to spread their faith. Cyril and Methodius carried the message to the Slavs. Patrick brought Christianity to Ireland, & other missionaries carried the message to Britain and Ireland

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