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Taft's Presidency: Reforms, Conflicts, and the Rise of the Progressive Party

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In 1908, under President Roosevelt's support, William Howard Taft took office and advocated for significant reforms, including the Mann-Elkins Act, which expanded the jurisdiction of the ICC to telecommunications and the establishment of the Department of Labor. Taft's approval of an 8-hour workday for federal contracts and the push for the Sixteenth Amendment marked his commitment to progressive ideals. However, his signing of the Payne-Aldrich Tariff alienated progressive Republicans, leading to a split in the Republican Party and paving the way for Woodrow Wilson's victory in the 1912 election.

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Taft's Presidency: Reforms, Conflicts, and the Rise of the Progressive Party

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  1. Chapter 10 Section 3 Reform Under Taft

  2. Taft Takes Office • In 1908 President Roosevelt threw his support behind William Howard Taft his secretary of war • Taft urged Congress to pass the Mann-Elkins Act extending the ICC to telephone and telegraph • Taft also approved Congress’ creation of a separate {Department of Labor to enforce labor laws} • {Under William Taft, Congress passed legislation that established an 8 hour work day for workers on federal gov. contracts} • The Taft administration was partly responsible for the adoption of the {Sixteenth Amendment which permitted Congress to authorize a federal income tax on personal income}

  3. William Howard Taft

  4. Taft Angers the Progressives • Despite the reforms, Taft lost the support of the progressive Republicans after the signing of the Payne-Aldrich Tariff • Progressives also attacked Taft for sabotaging Roosevelt’s conservation program by firing Gifford Pinchot for not ceasing to ridicule Taft’s secretary of the interior Richard Ballinger • The Ballinger-Pinchot affair also gave Taft one more dangerous enemy- Theodore Roosevelt

  5. America’s first Conversationalist

  6. The Republican Party Divides • In the Congressional elections of 1910, Roosevelt campaigned on behalf of progressive Republicans who opposed Taft • Roosevelt proposed a program called {New Nationalism- a program that primarily hoped to pass laws to protect workers, ensure public health and regulate business} • In the 1912 election Roosevelt decided to run again for the presidency but Taft was chosen to run for the Republican Party • {Roosevelt then adopted a new platform and founded the Progressive Party, or the Bull Moose Party}

  7. Political Cartoon depicting the Bull Moose Party

  8. The Wilson Program • The division of the Rep. party assured a Dem. Victory • The Democratic party rallied behind governor Woodrow Wilson of New Jersey • {In the 1912 campaign Wilson proposed the New Freedom program to help small businesses} • {Woodrow Wilson’s was elected president on a platform that called for tariff reduction, banking reform and antitrust legislation}

  9. Woodrow Wilson 1916

  10. Review Questions • What was the Department of Labor created to do? • Which president passed legislation that established an 8 hour work day for workers on federal gov. contracts • This Amendment permitted Congress to authorize a federal income tax on personal income • What is the other name for the Progressive Party? • In the 1912 campaign Wilson proposed the New Freedom program to help Who? • Woodrow Wilson’s was elected president on a platform that called for these three things…

  11. No… That’s the Moose and Squirrel Party

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