E-Services by e-Government/e-Municipality in Japan

1. E-Services by e-Government/e-Municipality in Japan Toshio Obi Professor & Director, Institute of e-Government, Waseda University Dr.Naoko Iwasaki Japan Nov.16, 2007

2. IT New Reform StrategyYear 2006-2010 Post 「e-Japan Strategy」 2001-2005 Realization of Ubiquitous Network Society (Anytime Anywhere Anything) Reform ICT Deregulation & Barrier Free Network Infrastructure Investment for technology & Young people Growth by Structural Reform User oriented International Competitiveness International Contribution

3. IT New Reform Strategy Agenda for Structural Reform by ICT • World No.1 Usage of e-Gov Activities • Disaster Reduction by Disaster Information via Digital Broadcasting/ Communication • Establishment of ICT Infrastructure • Human Reｓourｃe Development for CIO • Japan as World Class Contributor

4. When bidding for government procurement When applying for permission to open businesses When submitting various applications When applying for certificates When declaring taxes When paying taxes When carrying out research on laws and systems When paying social insurance To obtain government-announced documents When paying handling fees To find where the ministries are located When searching for statistical data When moving house To read white papers When building a house When a baby is born When applying for various benefits When using public facilities Configuration of e-Government and Local e-Government (A Concept) Present Can carry out administrative services through the Internet 24 hours a day From home ○Payment of taxes and such ○Administrative services ○Administrative Information ＜For every day life＞ ＜For business＞ At work It is necessary to mail or go to the administrative offices to submit documents for applications and registrations for administrative services. From local government facilities Internet An all around information desk system Private authentication station An all around administrative information system that links services immediately Official ID authentication service Towns and villages Checks whether the e-document submitted by individuals or enterprises are authentic e-Government and Local e-Government Authentication station for commercial registrations Towns and villages Can check whether the e-documents submitted by citizens are authentic Governmental Agencies Financial institutions Post office Towns and villages Base for organization authentication Can check whether the corporate e-document records submitted by organizations are authentic Bank of Japan Base for government authentication Base for on-line settlements Prefectural governments Can check whether the e-document submitted by regional organizations are authentic Networks for each ministry Local Government Wide Area Network (LGWAN) Prefectural governments Prefectural governments Special agencies Organizations of various facilities Can check whether the e-documents submitted by the government’s administrative offices are authentic Regional branch offices Network that connects regional organizations Each ministry Kasumigaseki WAN A network system for the basic resident registrar Network that connects government administration offices Each ministry １

5. Structure of CIO for Promotion of e-Government Ministerial CIO Council Established in September 2002 Chair: Assistant Chief Cabinet Secretary Vice-Chair: Director-general of Administrative management Bureau, MIC, Member: CIO of all ministries Council of Representatives from the Government, Prefectures, and Municipalities Ministerial Committee of Directors in charge of e-Government Inter-Ministerial Meeting of Government Information Systems Inter-Ministerial Task force of Information Systems Procurement Other Inter-Ministerial Meeting

6. Preparation of Common Key Infrastructures, Assurance of network security, Preparation of rules on intellectual property rights and appropriate application Support and cooperation for diffusion of IPv6 / Promotion of Use of Broadband Platforms (e-government, e-learning etc.) Common Key Foundation for e-governance Promotion of Digital Content Distribution Development of multiple-language translation technologies / Promotion of digital archives Support for Developing National Strategies / Policies and Schemes / Support for Developing Economies.

7. Issues on e-GOV for GCIO10Critical Factors to upgrade e-Gov • Content / Application • Solution ・ System • Core Competence • Security • e-Democracy • Leadership • e-Governance • Human Resource Development • National /Global Network • Technology

8. Local Government Wide-Area Network (LGWAN) LGWAN is a dedicated network linking local governments together to enable safe, secure email and document exchange and information sharing, as well as joint usage of a wide range of administrative systems. The connection was completed in 2003. ・　Prefectures and designated major cities : start operation since October 2001 ・　The rest of municipalities : All municipalities were connected by FY2003 ・　Access to the Kasumigaseki WAN: Email by April 2002, Document exchange by July 2002 Municipality Municipality Prefecture Prefecture 都道府県 都道府県 Municipality Municipality Local Government Wide-Area Network Interconnection between national and local governments (shared usage of rapid document exchange and administrative systems) Prefecture Municipality Municipality Municipality Ministries etc. Internal LAN 庁内ＬＡＮ National Government

9. Residents Register Network The Residents Register Network serves as a nationwide personal identification system shared by all local government bodies. The Network links up details of the residents register, which is used for authentication of residential status in a range of administrative procedures and processes. Information stored on the Network includes, name, address, date of birth and gender, as well as the residents register code. Overview From August 5, 2002 From August 25, 2003 System utilization Personal identity information provided to government organizations →eliminates the need for copies of the residents register and/or notifications of current status • Copies of residents register can be obtained from any municipality → Residents can obtain copies of the residents register from municipal offices anywhere in Japan. ・ Notification of moving house → A single trip to the municipal offices is sufficient for all transfer of details procedures. Represents the basic foundation of e-government under the e-Japan Priority Policy Program • Residents register → Used when transferring from one municipality to another → Additional features can be stipulated in regulations → Can be used as personal identification documents Used to provide official identity authentication services (see below)(from January 2004) • Identity authentication can be used in place of photocopies of the residents register for on-line procedures such as applications and notifications.

10. 住民基本台帳カード 写真 ○○市 20 mm 16 mm × 2013 8 31 年 月 日まで有効 生年月日 昭和 ○○ 年 ○ 月 ○○ 日 女 性別 氏　　名 住基　花子 住　　所 ○○県○○市 ○○町○丁目○番○号 Local Government Identity Authentication Service Residents Register Network Prefectural certification bureau Signature verification 都道府県単位認証局 都道府県単位認証局 都道府県単位認証局 都道府県単位認証局 Outsourced to designated certification bureau: LASCOM (Local Authorities Satellite Communications) 指定認証機関への 委任が可能 指定認証機関への 委任が可能 指定認証機関への 委任が可能 指定認証機関への 委任が可能 指定認証機関への 委任が可能 Used to confirm identity of resident Change of details (such as moving house) information National server/prefectural servers 失効リスト 失効リスト 失効リスト 失効リスト 都道府県知事　　　（証明書発行・失効情報管理機関） 都道府県知事　　　（証明書発行・失効情報管理機関） 都道府県知事　　　（証明書発行・失効情報管理機関） 都道府県知事　　　（証明書発行・失効情報管理機関） National and local govt organizations Assess validity of electronic certificates (cross-check against invalid list) 失効リスト 都道府県知事　　　（証明書発行・失効情報管理機関） Prefectural governor (responsible for issuing certificates and assessing validity) Invalid list LGWAN Identity information 総合行政ネットワーク 総合行政ネットワーク 総合行政ネットワーク 総合行政ネットワーク Four types of information provided to computers connected to the identity authentication service Private-sector authentication services LGWAN 総合行政ネットワーク … Communication Server (CS) 市町村長　　　　（本人確認機関） 市町村長　　　　（本人確認機関） 市町村長　　　　（本人確認機関） 市町村長　　　　（本人確認機関） Municipal mayor (responsible for ID confirmation) Existing residents register systems Internet 市町村長　　　　（本人確認機関） Municipal offices 市町村窓口 市町村窓口 市町村窓口 市町村窓口 Electronic certificates Application for electronic certificate (four types of information + public key) Electronic applications Electronic signature (application “signed” with resident’s private key) Electronic certificate (applicant’s public key) Application (plain text) ＋ ＋ Private key for Residents Register Card; records of electronic certificates Residents

11. Image of “One-Stop Services” Currently In the future Accept applications separately Accept applications at “e-Gov” in a unified way Apply for ○○ Apply for ○○ Apply for ×× Apply for △△ Ministry A’s system for accepting applications Process ○○ Ministry A Apply for XX Process XX Ministry B’s system for accepting applications Apply for △△ Ministry B Public (User) Public (User) Process △△ Server at the “e-Gov” Portal Ministry C’s system for accepting applications Ministry C

12. ICT-driven reforms in government work process 1. Guidelines for Optimization of work processes and info systems …formulated in August 2003 2. Formulation of “Optimization Programs” a) Common work processes and info systems [21 fields] e.g. - Personnel and salaries (by end of February 2004) - Procurement, subsidies, etc. (during 2004) - Imports/exports, etc. (before end of FY2005) b) Specific (=not common) work processes and info systems [51 fields] - including 36 “legacy systems” throughout government before the end of FY2005 3. Appointment of Assistant CIO in each ministry & agency - To assist formulation of Optimization Programs by Dec 2003 - In principal, they should be outside experts

13. Comparative CIO core competences among US and Japan Source: "Survey on CIO Core Competences for ICT Value-added”（Obi / Iwasaki 2006）

14. Cooperation with SPB and Waseda Universityto Establish Global Education Network CIO program for global HRD plan • Need of developing CIO activities in e- government • Creating a model of CIO with world class standard • Collaboration among government, business and academia to establish the post-graduate level curriculum for CIO training