1. Europe The Birthplace of Western Civilization -A peninsula of peninsulas -A troubled history -A United Europe

2. Countries as ranked by GDP Luxembourg Norway

3. Countries ranked by land size U K RAINE

4. Countries ranked by Population

5. Physical Characteristicsof Europe

6. Part of a large landmass called Eurasia

7. A Peninsula of Peninsulas • Iberian: Spain and Portugal • Italian: Italy • Scandinavian: Norway and Sweden • Jutland: Denmark • Balkan: Greece and others

9. Large Islands in Europe: Iceland British Isles Sicily

10. Fjords in NorwayCarved by glaciersas they receded

11. Mountains: • Alps: Switzerland, Germany, Italy, and France • Pyrenees: form a natural border between France and Spain.

12. North European Plain

13. FARMING: North European Plain • Advanced farming techniques increased crop yields • Rich, black soil called Chernozem

14. Rivers • Danube: The longest river in the EU-starts in the Black Forest of Germany and flows through Austria, Hungary, Romania, etc. before emptying into the Black Sea. • Rhine: originates in the Swiss Alps-flowing through Germany and the Netherlands on its way to the North Sea.

15. Seine: Originates in Burgundy and flows through Paris on its way to the English Channel. • Volga: Originates in the hills north of Moscow and flows through western Russia past Volgograd and into the Caspian Sea. It is the national river of Russia.

17. Seas • Adriatic: contained by the Italian and Balkan Peninsula Venice is located at the northern end.

18. Aegean: flows through the many Greek islands

19. Mediterranean: Bounds North Africa, Southwest Asia, and, of course, Southern Europe. It also connects to the Atlantic through the Strait of Gibraltar and to the Red Sea through the Suez Canal.

20. Baltic: Bounded by the Northern coast of Europe and the Scandinavian countries of Finland, Sweden, and Norway.

21. Black: Bounded by the Balkan Peninsula, Turkey, and the Eurasian Republics to the southwest. It connects to the Mediterranean Sea via the Bosporus and Dardanelles Straits.

22. North: Bounded by Great Britain, Norway, Netherlands, Belgium, and Denmark-Connects with the Baltic Sea and the English Channel.

23. Climate Regions in Europe From Tundra in Scandinavia to Mediterranean in the South

24. Effects of the North Atlantic Drift and westerly's on climate • The N.A.D. is an extension of the Gulf Stream and the prevailing westerly’s blow across these currents generating Western Europe’s weather and having a wet and moderating influence in the region.

26. Human Environment Interaction

27. Polders in the NetherlandsLand reclaimed from the sea

29. Acid Rain:Results of unchecked industrial emissions Air pollution and destruction of forests.

30. Acid Rain has damaged many historical statues and buildings.

31. Areas threatened by air and water pollution: Black Forest-GermanyVeniceRhine, Danube, and Seine

32. Venice is suffering from severe pollution and it is sinking into the Adriatic.

33. The ChunnelA tunnel under the English Channel • A tunnel boring machine.

34. High speed trains move people and goods from Britain to France

35. From Dover England to Calais France • Physically uniting Britain to continental Europe

36. Cultural Characteristics of Europe

37. Cultural Characteristics Tiled Roofs in the MediterraneanReflect heat/rain runoff

38. Chalets in SwitzerlandHeavy snows slide off

39. Ballooning in Switzerland.

40. CastlesRemnants of Medieval history

43. Birthplace of the Industrial Revolution.Esp. Great Britain

44. Birthplace of Western Democracy • Greece and Rome • Republican forms of government were formulated there.

45. Spread of European Culture:1. Exploration2. Colonization3. Imperialism

46. Urbanization • Many densely populated cities in Europe.

47. NATONorth Atlantic Treaty Organization: Intended to form a military alliance against Communism in Western Europe.

48. Roman CatholicismThe unifying faith of Europe

49. Religion as a divisive force. • Conflict between Catholics and Protestants in Northern Ireland. The Protestants in N.I. want to remain part of the U.K. , but the Catholics wan to unify all of Ireland as a Catholic state.

50. Ethnic Heritage and diversity • Yugoslavia: Serbs, Croats, Bosnians, and Albanians • Conflict: War in Bosnia, “Ethnic Cleansing.”