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DOCSIS 3.0 Overview

DOCSIS 3.0 Overview. Suzanne Ewert Systems Engineer. Agenda. Evolution of DOCSIS Motivation - Why DOCSIS 3.0? DOCSIS 3.0 Features Overview Downstream Bonding Details Upstream Bonding Details DOCSIS 3.0 and M-CMTS Comparisons Migration Strategy Cisco VDOC

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DOCSIS 3.0 Overview

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  1. DOCSIS 3.0 Overview Suzanne Ewert Systems Engineer

  2. Agenda • Evolution of DOCSIS • Motivation - Why DOCSIS 3.0? • DOCSIS 3.0 Features Overview • Downstream Bonding Details • Upstream Bonding Details • DOCSIS 3.0 and M-CMTS Comparisons • Migration Strategy • Cisco VDOC • Cisco Architecture for D3.0 & M-CMTS • Summary

  3. Evolution of DOCSIS

  4. Evolution of DOCSIS • Pre-DOCSIS • MSO’s needed a service offering for the residential market • Consumer demands dictated the need for something faster than dial-up • Proprietary and expensive • DOCSIS 1.0 • MSO’s needed a standardized solution (i.e. cheaper) • Consumer demands dictated the need for additional bandwidth • Competing against DSL • DOCSIS 1.1 • MSO’s needed a way to protect their infrastructure and offer differentiated services • MSO’s needed to expand, start targeting the commercial market • Competing against DSL, ISDN, and T1 • Standard defined: • security between the CMTS and CM (BPI+) • extensive QOS functionality • 38Mbps x 9Mbps service offering

  5. Evolution of DOCSIS (cont) • DOCSIS 2.0 • MSO’s needed a way to offer a synchronous service • VoIP and business services • Consumer demands dictated the need for more upstream bandwidth • Gaming • Consumer owned servers (Peer-to-Peer) • Standard defined: • Expanded upstream channel widths to include 6.4MHz • Expanded upstream modulation schemes to include 32QAM, 64QAM, and 128QAM • S-CDMA • 38Mbps x 27Mbps service offering

  6. Motivation - Why DOCSIS 3.0?

  7. Business Drivers for D3.0 • Competition against FTTH - Deliver 100 Mbps • Broadband Internet Services Growth • Migration from Web to Web2.0, Video Streaming, P2P TV • Increased per home consumption • IP Video over DOCSIS(VDOC) • High definition Video to multiple devices • PCs, Hybrid STBs, portable devices • Migration from Broadcast to Unicast services (VoD, Startover) • Commercial services • High BW data services • High BW Ethernet/L2VPN service • Video conferencing

  8. Next Generation Connected Home HOME Stored music In any room Internet Next Gen MR-DVR Internet video On HDTV Photos From PC Multi-Media Client Gateway Multi-Media Client Gateway No New Wires Technology Outside The Home Next Gen MR-DVR DVR content Over the Internet Network IP Service Gateway Photos From PC Ethernet DVR content Over the Internet Internet video On HDTV PC Stored music In any room Multi-Media Service Gateway

  9. Spectral Reclamation Solutions • SDV – Switched Digital Video • Node splits • Narrowcast QAM injection • Analog reclamation • Use every channel available • 1 GHz upgrade • MPEG-4

  10. Goal: Increase Scalability Reduce Cost Components: Low Cost E-QAM CMTS Core Processing Overall Industry Objectives Goal: More aggregate speed More per-CM speed Enable New Services Components: Channel Bonding IPv6 Multicast AES • Better stat muxing with bigger “pipe” • Offer >37 Mbps for single CM DOCSIS 3.0 M-CMTS

  11. DOCSIS 3.0 Features Overview

  12. DOCSIS 3.0 Features • MAC Layer • Downstream Channel Bonding • Upstream Channel Bonding • Network Layer • IPv6 support • IP Multicast (IGMPv3/MLDv2, SSM, QoS) • Security • Certificate Revocation Management • Runtime SW / Config validation • Enhanced Traffic Encryption (AES) • Certificate Convergence • Early Authentication & Encryption • TFTP Proxy • Network Management • Diagnostic Log (Flaplist) • Extension of Internet Protocol Data Records (IPDR) usage • Capacity management • Enhanced signal quality monitoring • Physical Layer • Switchable 5-42 MHz, 5-65 MHz, or 5-85 MHz US band • S-CDMA active code selection with new Logical channel • Commercial Services • T1/E1 Circuit Emulation support

  13. DOCSIS 3.0 Features – Physical LayerCMTS Deployment Models • Integrated CMTS • Implements the network ports and RF interface ports in a single network element • Modular CMTS • Implements the network ports and URFI ports in a modular core network element and the DRFI ports in a external EQAM • A DEPI tunnel is used to encapsulates the downstream channels from the M-CMTS core to the EQAM • A DTI server is used to synchronize the M-CMTS core and all associated EQAM’s

  14. DOCSIS 3.0 Features – MAC Layer • Downstream Channel Bonding • Allows a CM to receive data on multiple receive channels using a single service flow • At least 4 channels must be used to equal 150+ Mbps • Upstream Channel Bonding • Allows a CM to transmit data on multiple transmit channels using a single service flow • At least 4 channels must be used to equal 100+ Mbps

  15. DOCSIS 3.0 Features – Network Layer • IPv6 support • Built in support for IPv6 • Modems can be provisioned using IPv4, IPv6, or both • Provides transparent IPv6 connectivity to CPE’s • IP multicast support • Supports delivery of source specific multicast (SSM) streams to CPE’s • CMTS controlled layer-2 multicast forwarding mechanism • Introduces “group service flow” concept to provide QOS to multicast streams

  16. DOCSIS 3.0 Features – Security • CMTS to CM Privacy Features • 128-bit AES traffic encryption (performed in hardware) • Early CM authentication and traffic encryption (EAE) • MMH (Multilinear Modular Hash) algorithm for CMTS MIC (message integrity check) • Prevent Unauthorized Access • Enhanced secure provisioning features • Source IP address verification (SAV) • TFTP proxy and configuration file learning; • Certificate Revocation • Encryption support for new method of multicast messaging.

  17. DOCSIS 3.0 Features – Network Management (cont) • Security Management • IETF deprecated the previous NmAccess approach • In order to address the new D3.0 features and the IETF’s decision: • Extensions were built to report configuration status, error conditions and statistics of the new security features • Replacement of NmAccess is required using a method compatible with the SNMPv3 framework • Accounting Management • SNMPv3 polling/trapping • IPDR (IP Detail Record) support is expanded to include the new D3.0 features

  18. CableLabs DOCSIS 3.0 Qualification Tiers • Bronze • DS channel bonding • IPv6 CM provisioning without dual stack, basic IPv6 forwarding for CPE • Basic DOCSIS 2.0 multicast features, IPv6 multicast support for CM provisioning • No US channel bonding, No S-CDMA, No AES • Silver • Bronze features plus: • US channel bonding • Additional IPv6 support • AES, SSM, Bonded multicast, S-CDMA w/o bonding, parts of IPDR • Gold • Full DOCSIS 3.0 support

  19. DOCSIS 3.0Downstream Channel Bonding Details

  20. Downstream Bonding - Features Packet bonding of a minimum of 4 channels Delivers in excess of 150 Mbps and 50 Mbps US Non-disruptive technology Seamless migration from DOCSIS 1.x/2.0 M-CMTS and high density I-CMTS cards EQAMs New hardware required for scalability and cost reduction New CM silicon required

  21. Channel Bonding • In a nutshell, channel bonding means data is transmitted to or from CMs using multiple individual RF channels instead of just one channel • Channels aren't physically bonded into a gigantic digitally modulated signal; bonding is logical With DOCSIS 3.0, data is transmitted to modems using multiple channels With DOCSIS 1.x & 2.0, data is transmitted to modems using one channel

  22. DOCSIS 3.0 Downstream Channel Bonding with Today’s DOCSIS 2.0 Deployments UniversalEdge QAM Wideband Downstream Docsis 3.0 Bi-Dir CM Wideband MAC TraditionalDOCSIS CM CM CM CM WCM D3.0 CM Traditional Cable Modems

  23. DOCSIS 3.0 Registration Diagram D3.0 CM acquires QAM/FEC lock of DOCSIS DS channel SYNC, UCD, MAP messages D3.0 CM performs usual US channel selection, but does not start initial ranging MDD message D3.0 CM performs bonded service group selection, and indicates via initial ranging B-INIT-RNG-REQ message D3.0 CM transitions to ranging station maintenance as usual Usual DOCSIS initial ranging sequence DHCP DISCOVER packet DHCP OFFER packet DHCP REQUEST packet DHCP RESPONSE packet TOD Request/Response messages TFTP Request/Response messages D3.0 CM provides Rx-Chan(s)-Prof REG-REQ message REG-RSP message D3.0 CM receives Rx-Chan(s)-Config D3.0 CM confirms all Rx Channels REG-ACK message Usual BPI init. If configured

  24. Reasons DRFI went Beyond D2.0 RFI • Applies to CMTS, D3.0, or multi-carrier CMTS DS connector • Cleaned up ambiguity in 2.0 and lower • Noise dBmV changed to dBc • Allows more channels per connector • DOCSIS 2.0 and lower was only single carrier • M-CMTS architecture & D3.0 both reference DRFI • Less expensive E-QAMs, MxN mac domains • Performance goal was analog protection given analog ch lineup of 2-13 (54-216 MHz) • Digital chs justified to upper end of spectrum • Criteria was 60 dB CNR for all combined sources • Not necessary for digital communication nor sparser lineup

  25. Single Carrier DRFI • Annex A & B • Channel BW 8 & 6 MHz • Variable depth interleaver • HRC, IRC • 64 & 256 QAM dBmV N=1 : 60 1 Center Frequency Must 91 <-> 867 MHz May 57 <-> 999 MHz

  26. Power Output for Multiple Carriers per RF Spigot dBmV 1 60-ceil[3.6*log2(N)] dBmV 1 2 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 RF muting ≥73 dB below aggregate power • Why is it done like this? • Multiple chs create more pwr & distortions • Attempt to keep constant wattage output • DS laser concerns (Pwr/Hz)

  27. DOCSIS 3.0 DS Considerations • Frequency Assignments • CMTS may be limited to 860 MHz or 1 GHz • CM’s may be limited to 50 or 60 MHz passband • Testing and maintaining multiple DS channels • Physical channels have not changed for DOCSIS 3.0 • Test equip with built-in CM’s need to support bonding • DS isolation issues • DS channel bonding max power with 4 freqs stacked • Four channels stacked on 1 connector limited to 52 dBmV/ch • DOCSIS 1.x/2.0 DS is 61 dBmV max output

  28. DOCSIS 3.0 – Upstream Channel Bonding Details

  29. Upstream Bonding Service Drivers Competition against FTTH Deliver 20+ Mbps High BW residential data User generated content Video and photo uploads Proliferation of social sites Video conferencing TelePresence Commercial service High BW symmetrical data services Bonded T1 High BW Ethernet/L2VPN service

  30. Upstream Bonding - Features Packet Striping of a minimum of 4 channels Delivers in excess of 50 Mbps AES and scalability require hardware upgrade New CM silicon required Phased and seamless technology migration

  31. D2.0 is Still Not Used • 27.2 Mbps total aggregate speed • Achieved 18 Mbps for single CM on US • Fragmentation and concatenation with a huge max burst • Linerate possible of ~ 27 Mbps • Make sure 1.0 CMs, which can’t fragment, have a max burst < 2000 B • 2.0 increases the EQ tap length from 8 to 24 • Supported in ATDMA & mixed mode • Off by default

  32. Upstream Adaptive Equalization Example Upstream 6.4 MHz bandwidth 64-QAM signal Before adaptive equalization: Substantial in-channel tilt caused correctable FEC errors to increment at a rate of about 7000 errored codewords per second (232 bytes per codeword). The CMTS’s reported upstream MER (SNR) was 23 dB. After adaptive equalization: DOCSIS 2.0’s 24-tap adaptive equalization—actually pre-equalization in the modem—was able to compensate for nearly all of the in-channel tilt (with no change in digital channel power). The result: No correctable or uncorrectable FEC errors and the CMTS’s reported upstream MER (SNR) increased to ~36 dB.

  33. DOCSIS 3.0 Upstream Channel Bonding • Upstream Channel Bonding • Bonding process is controlled by the CMTS • Bandwidth grants are given per flow across one or more upstream channels as CM’s make requests • New packet streaming protocol called Continuous Concatenation and Fragmentation. • Allows a looser coupling between requests and grants • Enables the CM to have multiple requests outstanding simultaneously • Bonding Mechanism • Upstream channels are synchronized to a master clock source

  34. DOCSIS 3.0 US Considerations • Frequency Stacking Levels • What is the CM max output with multiple channels stacked • Could it cause laser clipping? • Diplex Filter Expansion to 85 MHz • If amplifier upgrades are planned for 1 GHz, then pluggable diplex filters may be warranted to expand to 85 MHz on the US…one truck roll • Still must address existing CPE equipment in the field and potential overload • Monitoring, Testing, & Troubleshooting • Test equipment needs to have D3.0 capabilities

  35. DOCSIS 3.0 US Considerations (cont) US Frequency and Level Issues • Max Tx for D2.0 64-QAM for 1 channel is 54 dBmV • D3.0 US channel max power • Tx for D3.0 TDMA • 17 - 57 dBmV (32 & 64-QAM) • 58 dBmV (8 & 16-QAM) • 61 dBmV (QPSK) • Tx for D3.0 S-CDMA • 17 - 56 dBmV (all modulations) • Max Tx per channel for 4 freqs stacked at 64-QAM ATDMA is only 51 dBmV & 53 for S-CDMA

  36. DOCSIS 3.0 US Considerations (cont) US MER/SNR Issues • Increasing channel width from 3.2 to 6.4 keeps same average power for single carrier • SNR drops by 3 dB or more • Keeping same power/Hz could cause max Tx level from CM’s and/or laser clipping/overload • Equalized vs unequalized MER readings • Modulation profile choices • QPSK for maintenance, 64-QAM for Data, 16-QAM for VoIP? • Pre-EQ affect • Great feature in 1.1 & > CMs, but could mask issues

  37. DOCSIS 3.0 US Considerations (cont) Channel Placement • Frequencies can be anywhere in US passband and do not need to be contiguous • It may be wise to keep relatively close so plant problems like attenuation and tilt don’t cause issues • CM should have some dynamic range to allow specific channels to be a few dB different vs. other channels • Channels are separate and can have different phy layer attributes such as modulation, channel width

  38. ATDMA General Deployment Recommendations • After increasing CW to 6.4 MHz, measure & document unequalized US MER at multiple test points in the plant • Use PathTrak Return Path Monitoring System linecard • Or Sunrise Telecom Upstream Characterization toolkit • 25 dB or higher Unequalized MER is recommended • Less than 25 dB reduces operating margin • Check US MER as well as per-CM MER • Pick freq < 30 MHz - away from diplex filter group delay • Make sure latest IOS version is running on CMTS • Turn on Pre-Equalization

  39. DOCSIS 3.0 and M-CMTS Comparisons

  40. DOCSIS 3.0 Migration: M-CMTS Current CMTS DOCSIS 2.0 US HFC DS Bonding and Existing DOCSIS 1.x/2.0 CMs Edge QAMs

  41. M-CMTS Network Topology

  42. M-CMTS • Key DOCSIS 3.0 enabling technology • DS scalability of DOCSIS 1.x/2.0 • Easy migration to DOCSIS 3.0 DS channel bonding • Enables service convergence and QAM sharing (Video and Data)

  43. DOCSIS 3.0: M-CMTS CMTS Core DOCSIS 3.0 Bonded US HFC Supports DS Bonding and Existing DOCSIS 1.x/2.0 CMs Edge QAMs

  44. DOCSIS 3.0: I-CMTS High Density Linecards I-CMTS DOCSIS 3.0 Bonded US HFC DOCSIS 3.0 Bonded DS Supports DS Bonding and Existing DOCSIS 1.x/2.0 CMs

  45. Migration Strategy

  46. Initial Migration Goal Deliver very high speed data service Deliver 100+ Mbps DS Deliver 50+ Mbps US Reduction of node split cost Multiple DSs per node M-CMTS or I-CMTS load balancing Multiple USs per node Leverage existing ports and deploy 2.0 USs BW flexibility & reduction of CMTS port cost Break DS/US dependence i.e. independent scalability of US and DS Reduce cost of DS ports by more than 1/10 Reduce CMTS port/subscriber cost by 30-50%

  47. Migration Strategy Target CMTS upgrades in high priority markets FiOS & U-Verse competitive markets High growth & demographics Markets with capacity issues Your node  Add more DS QAMs per service group and load balancing Via I-CMTS and M-CMTS Current 1x4 mac domain leaves US stranded Increase capacity to existing 1.x/2.0 modem

  48. Migration Strategy (cont) Deliver targeted bonded DS channels to DOCSIS 3.0 CMs Video and data convergence Video and DOCSIS service group alignment DSG & Tru2way will leverage DOCSIS DS BW Share & leverage existing assets UEQAMs for VoD, SDV and DOCSIS UERM to enable QAM sharing

  49. Cisco VDOC

  50. What is VDOC? Solution for the delivery of managed IPTV services over a DOCSIS network Broadcast TV and VoD services TV, PC, and other devices in the home Provide user experience subscribers expect from their cable operator

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