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The Impact of John Calvin and the Counter-Reformation on Christianity

John Calvin, a French Protestant theologian, advanced the Reformation begun by Zwingli, reforming Swiss church practices and laying foundational principles in his seminal work, "Institutes of Christian Religion." He emphasized predestination and established a theocracy in Geneva, curbing celebratory behaviors and strictly regulating community conduct. Meanwhile, the Counter-Reformation emerged, spearheaded by Pope Paul III, in response to Protestantism, with initiatives like the Council of Trent and the Jesuits founded by Ignatius Loyola, aiming to revive Catholicism and educate followers against Protestant growth.

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The Impact of John Calvin and the Counter-Reformation on Christianity

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  1. The Reformation

  2. John Calvin • French Protestant • Carried on work of Zwingli and completed reformation of church in Switzerland • Wrote: Institutes of Christian Religion (a code that united all followers)

  3. John Calvin • Predestination - God has chosen the people to be saved at the beginning of time. They were “the elect” • Theocracy- Geneva was ruled by clergy claiming God’s authority • No parties, dancing, card games,bad language, showy dress!!!

  4. Calvin’s Influence • French Huguenots. • 1/3 of country became protestant. Civil wars with RC. 1598 Henry IV issued Edict of Nantes ( got freedom to worship) • Scotland - John Knox made whole country Presbyterian • Puritans emerged in England (move to America- 13 colonies)

  5. The Counter - Reformation Catholic Response

  6. I just want to keep Catholics in check! I’m not trying to punish Protestants Honest Pope Paul III • Tried to revive spiritual outlook of the RC church • Appointed devout and learned bishops and cardinals • Brought the medieval Inquisition from Spain • 1545 Council of Trent-Banned sale of Indulgences

  7. Pope Paul IV • Realized that the printing press was too powerful to fight. • Published Index of Forbidden Books 1559 • Kept by RC Church until 1966

  8. Ignatius Loyola “Give me a child until he is 7 and I will show you the man” • 1534 founded the Jesuits. • Organized like a military body. He was the general and the members were the soldiers. • The most effective way of spreading Catholicism • They stressed education and founded some of the best colleges in Europe • Combine humanism and theology to turn out learned supporters of the Church

  9. Stoneyhurst College

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