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Two Basic Approaches to Doing Research in Psychology

This overview delves into two fundamental research approaches in psychology: correlational and experimental research. Both methods center around variables, defined as measurable attributes that can change, like height or weight. A correlation indicates a relationship between two variables, where changes in one are associated with changes in the other. Correlations can be positive (increasing together) or negative (one increases while the other decreases), and their strength is quantified by a correlation coefficient ranging from -1 to +1, reflecting the nature of the relationship.

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Two Basic Approaches to Doing Research in Psychology

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  1. Two Basic Approaches to Doing Research inPsychology Correlational Research Experimental Research Both approaches are based on the concept of a “variable”. Basically, a variable is anything that can vary, like your height, weight, age, address, and course schedule. It has two aspects: an overall dimension or continuum, and a series of “levels” or subdivisions.

  2. Nature of a Variable It’s like a ruler... Not this kind of ruler: This kind: The ruler as a whole is the variable. We can name it “length”. The inch marks are the levels of the variable.

  3. Nature of a Correlation A correlation is a relationship between two variables where changes in one variable go along with changes in the other variable. Like height and weight: As heights increase, weights also tend to increase.

  4. Two Basic Kinds of Correlations: • Positive: the variables change in the same direction, like height and weight. • Negative : the variables change in opposite directions, like: as class absences increase, grades tend to decrease. Positive and Negative

  5. The Coefficient of Correlation a measure of the strength of a correlation • A value of 0.00 means there is no relationship between the variables. • A value of +1.00 means a perfect, positive correlation. • Weaker positive correlations have values higher than .00 but lower than +1.00. • A value of -1.00 means a perfect, negative correlation. • Weaker negative correlations have values higher than –1.00 but lower than 0.00.

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