1 / 19

Perceptual Processes: Visual & Auditory Recognition

Perceptual Processes: Visual & Auditory Recognition. Dr. Claudia J. Stanny EXP 4507 Memory & Cognition Spring 2009. Perception. Distal stimulus Proximal stimulus Sensory memory Iconic memory Echoic memory. Iconic Memory. Perceptually detailed visual memory

layne
Télécharger la présentation

Perceptual Processes: Visual & Auditory Recognition

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Perceptual Processes:Visual & Auditory Recognition Dr. Claudia J. Stanny EXP 4507 Memory & Cognition Spring 2009

  2. Perception • Distal stimulus • Proximal stimulus • Sensory memory • Iconic memory • Echoic memory Claudia J. Stanny

  3. Iconic Memory • Perceptually detailed visual memory • Duration is very short ( .5 sec - 1 sec) • Information stored has not been analyzed yet for meaning • Precategorical sensory information • Content can be cued effectively based on sensory qualities, not meaning

  4. Echoic Memory • Auditory analog to iconic memory • Precategorical auditory (sensory) information • Can cue recall of selected items based on sensory qualities but not based on meaning • Very short duration (approximately 2 sec)

  5. Sensory Processes & the Brain Claudia J. Stanny

  6. Gestalt Psychology: Organizing Principles in Perception • Form perception • Figure-ground resolution • Detection of contours (subjective contours) • Principles of organization • Proximity • Similarity • Good continuation • Closure • Common fate Claudia J. Stanny

  7. Object Recognition • Template-matching models • Feature analysis models • Recognition-by-components models Claudia J. Stanny

  8. Template-Matching Models • Effective for pattern recognition for small sets of well-defined patterns • Template matching used today for pattern recognition of bank codes on checks Claudia J. Stanny

  9. Feature Analysis Models Selfridge (1958) Pandemonium Claudia J. Stanny

  10. Feature Analysis Models • Relies on simpler features for template matching • Includes a system of rules for how features are combined to create specific patterns • Draws on single-unit data for neurons responding to sensory input (e.g., work by Hubel & Wiesel, 1965, 1979, 2005) Claudia J. Stanny

  11. Recognition-by-Components Models • Similar to feature analysis models • Developed for perception of 3-dimensional objects • Biederman (1990) Claudia J. Stanny

  12. Top-Down & Bottom-Up Processing • Bottom-up processing • Emphasis on sensory input • Raw sensory input → pattern recognition • Top-down processing • Emphasis on concepts and expectations • Expectations and context create biases to extract certain patterns from sensory input Claudia J. Stanny

  13. Errors in Perception • Levin & Simons (1997, 2000) • Change blindness • Inattention blindness Claudia J. Stanny

  14. Change Blindness Demonstration

  15. Links to Videos • Magic Trick • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=voAntzB7EwE • Harvard: Participants signing up for an experiment • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mAnKvo-fPs0 • Original Door Study (Levin & Simon, 1997) • http://viscog.beckman.uiuc.edu/flashmovie/12.php • Recreation of Simon’s Door Experiment • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p1aEqBaK3aM Claudia J. Stanny

  16. Face Recognition Perception of faces Prosopagnosia Claudia J. Stanny

  17. Thatcher Illusion • Based on tendency to process faces holistically • When faces are viewed upside down, we might not detect alterations in component parts • When faces are viewed right side up, these changes are easily detected

  18. Speech Perception • Phoneme recognition • Detection of word boundaries • Constructive nature of speech perception • Context effects on speech recognition • Phonemic restoration • McGurck effect Claudia J. Stanny

  19. Theories of Speech Perception • Speech perception as a special mechanism of the brain • Speech perception as characteristic of general perceptual mechanisms Claudia J. Stanny

More Related