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Cells Ch. 3 Section 1

Cells Ch. 3 Section 1. smallest unit of life in ALL living things used to carry on activities of life examples: break down food, movement, growth, reproduction. 1. cells. 2. Robert Hooke. discovered The Cell Theory in 1665

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Cells Ch. 3 Section 1

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  1. Cells Ch. 3 Section 1

  2. smallest unit of life in ALL living things • used to carry on activities of life • examples: break down food, movement, growth, reproduction 1. cells 2. Robert Hooke • discovered The Cell Theory in 1665 • observed cork which is made of boxlike things which he named “cells”

  3. All living things are made of one or more cells. The cell is the basic unit of life. All cells come from cells that already exist. 3. 3 main ideas of the Cell Theory • smallest organism on Earth • made of only one cell 4. bacteria

  4. 5. organelles • things in cells that perform tasks • specialized cell parts 6. What organelles are in plant cells but not animal cells? - cell wall and chloroplasts

  5. 7. What does the cell wall do? - provides support and protection for plants - captures energy from the sunlight and uses it to convert carbon dioxide and water into food 8. chloroplasts

  6. flexible structure that holds the cell together • the boundary between the cell and the environment • controls what goes in and out of the cells • like the wall around a city 9. cell membrane

  7. 10. cytoplasm • gelatin-like substance that fills up the cell • this is where all of the cells activities occur • made mostly of water

  8. 11. nucleus • directs cells activities and holds the hereditary material (chromosomes) • the city hall- controls all operations

  9. plan for the cells activities • holds DNA • blueprints for • the town 12. chromosomes 13. DNA - has all information for traits

  10. 14. vacuoles • contains food, water, and waste • plant vacuoles are much larger than animals • like warehouses, water towers, or garbage dumps

  11. 15. mitochondria • provide energy for the cell • cellular respiration takes place here • energy plants for the city

  12. 16. photosynthesis - the way plants and algae make food using sunlight • packages protein inside the cell before they are sent to their destination • like the post office or UPS 17. golgi apparatus

  13. transports proteins throughout the cell • 2 types: smooth and rough • rough- has ribosomes attached • smooth- produces lipids • - like the highway or roads 18. endoplasmic reticulum

  14. work together to produce proteins to perform the cells function • like Home Depot or Lowe’s 19. ribosomes

  15. 20. nuclear membrane • lets ribosomes in and out of the nucleus • fence around city hall

  16. 21. lysosomes • gather and get rid of waste • act like garbage collectors

  17. Section 2 18. What jobs do cells do? • each cell has a different job • cells’ size and shape can be related to their function

  18. groups of similar cells that all do the same sort of work • examples- bone, nerve, and blood 19. tissues 20. organs • different types of tissue working together • examples- stomach, heart, kidneys, and lungs 21. organ systems • a group of organs that work together • example- digestive system (made of stomach, mouth, intestine, and liver) • organ systems also work together to make each other function

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