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Knee Arthroplasty History, Symptoms, Causes, Types and Treatment
History of Knee Arthroplasty • Arthroplasty of the knee was first performed in the late 1960s • With the advancements in arthroscopes and higher-resolution cameras, • Now the procedure is known to be highly effective for both the accurate diagnosis and proper treatment of knee related deformities
Who gets knee Arthroplasty? • People who experience severe pain in the knee • Unable to perform ordinary activities of daily living • People usually over the age of 65 that have knee cartilage wearing away • 600,000 people worldwide are known to have knee replacements every year.
Significance of a Knee Joint • Knee is known to be the largest joint in the body • Upper and lower leg bones are joined by a complex array of ligaments, tendons, muscles and cartilage • Kneecap, or patella, which serves as a bony fulcrum for the knee muscles to slide over and increase strength & torque • knee can not only bend and flex, it can twist and rotate also
Knee Anatomy • Hyaline cartilage - Thick cushioning (cartilage) covers and protects the ends of your bones. • Meniscal cartilage or generally known as meniscus, acts like a shock absorber between the bones and keeps the knee joint stable by spreading out the load evenly across the joint • Articular cartilage, it is a smooth substance that provides cushion to the bones and makes sure that they glide freely
What causes Knee Arthroplasty? • If meniscus gets ruptured • Loose fragments of bone or cartilage • Abnormal alignment or instability of the kneecap • Inflammation of the Synovial membrane • Fluid lubricates knee (reduces friction) • Torn ligaments, including the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments.
Osteoarthritis • The cartilage that protects and cushions the knee joint breaks down over time. • Bone surfaces rub against each other • Damage to tissue and bone
Knee ArthroplastyProcedure Non-Constrained Knee Replacement • The artificial components that are inserted into the knee are not linked to each other • Depend exclusively on the body’s muscles, ligaments, and tendons to keep the kneecap in place. • No stability built into the system. • Found to be the most common type of replacement
Constrained Knee Replacement • This procedure is used when the knee is highly unstable and the person's ligaments will not be able to support the other type of knee replacements • Severely damaged knees • The two pieces are connected with a hinge-like device that keeps the joint in-line and helps support the kneecap's proper alignment and function. • Though it doesn’t last as long as the other knee replacements
Unicondylar Knee Replacement • This procedure is performed if the damage is limited to one side of the joint only with the left over part of the knee joint being relatively spared • The incision is only 3 inches compared to 8 inches for a total knee replacement • The procedure is less invasive and more successful
Cost Knee Replacement Surgery across the World? • The cost of total knee replacement surgery in USA will be around $40,000 • The cost of total knee replacement surgery in Singapore will be around $10000 • The cost of total knee replacement surgery in UK will be around $13000 • Thecost of total knee replacement surgery in Indiawill be around $8500
Best hospitals for Total Knee Replacement Surgery in India? • Artemis Hospital, Gurgaon • Dharamshila Cancer Hospital, New Delhi • Medanta - The Medicity, Gurgaon • Columbia Asia Yeshwantpur, Bengalaru • Fortis Memorial Research Institute, Gurgaon • BLK Hospital • Indraprastha Apollo Hospital, New Delhi • Global Health City, Chennai • Global Hospital, Mumbai • KokilabenDhirubhaiAmbani Hospital, Mumbai
After the Surgery • Physical Therapy • Gradually return to normal activities • Walking, climbing stairs • No running, playing tennis as it may tear the artificial joints • Doctors recommend a CPM (Continuous Passive Motion) • It slowly and smoothly bends and straightens your knee • Stationary Bicycle – regain strength in knee and leg muscles • Swimming
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