1. Care for Dogs: Ectoparasites Unit Standard 7337

2. External parasites • Fleas • Mange/ Mites • Sarcoptes • Cheyletiella • Ear mites • Demodex • Lice • Ticks • Ringworm – fungal infection

3. Fleas Life Cycle

5. Flea Eggs are laid in the coat and fall onto bedding/carpets

6. Eggs can be seen on a black surface… Flea eggs

7. Flea larva Flea larva

8. Flea Larva in the coat

9. Flea dirt- what is it? Fleas feeding Flea faeces

10. Flea dirt is dried blood passed in faeces to feed larvae Fleas on coat Flea dirt on bedding

11. Flea pupae form

12. Pupae and hatching from cocoon

13. Fleas on pet are the tip of the iceberg

14. Flea saliva…..

15. Flea Allergy Dermatitis – (FAD)

16. Flea Allergy Dermatitis • (FAD) is an allergy to flea saliva that makes the dog itchy, so they start to scratch. • You might not even see a flea – but the bite sets off a reaction. • Breaking the skin allows bacteria to get in and the dog gets an infection So what are bacteria?

17. Flea Allergy Dermatitis ( infection) • (Bacteria is a single cell organism. • They are capable of reproducing on their own without the use of a host cell. • Bacteria exist in all environments • The dog will need treatment

18. Three Pronged Approach • Effective treatment programme MUST have • kill fleas currently on your pet • and kill fleas all other animals in your household • kill fleas in the environment

19. Fleas • Sleeping areas can be contaminated with eggs, larvae and pupae, plus shaded areas outside harbour all flea stages

20. REMEMBER you will only see 5% of the actual flea population on your pet • The rest are on the house and garden – mainly where you sit and sleep • Fleas also carry Flea Tapeworm (Dipylidiumcaninum) • Bathing your dog will reduce fleas and help remove eggs and dirt from the coat, and if an insecticidal shampoo is used, kill, any live fleas on an animal but follow up treatment is always required.

21. Flea sprays • What are the problems associated with using these? • Toxicity • Do they work • How often • Permethrin is toxic to cats

22. Top Spots • These vary and not all products are the same. Older style products can be toxic poisons and care must be taken when applying them. If you overdose, or share a dog product on cats, you might kill them. • http://www.stuff.co.nz/national/363769/Pedigree-killed-in-flea-product-mix-up- Bayer Spotton - see next slide

23. Products to treat Fleas • Spotton Liquid for Large Dogs (1ml) Convenient once a month flea treatment for dogs • Using older technology Spotton for dogs provides a low cost flea treatment option from a pre measured tube.  • Spotton is oil soluble and after application is distributed via the skin glands that supply coat oil. This method guarantees that the entire coat is protected after applying Spotton behind your dogs head. • 200g/L Fenthion- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenthion • http://www.bayeranimal.co.nz/media/1656/Spotton%20Dog.pdf • classic symptoms of poisoning with Spotton's chemicals, known as organophosphates excessive salivation, slowed heart rate, shivering and shaking, depression and vomiting

24. Top Spots • Newer products are a lot safer, but they are not without side effects and there are laws coming into effect to check their action due to reports of side effects. • http://www.apnm.org/publications/resources/fleachemfin.pdf • DO NOT USE ON CHILDREN.

25. Surface Top Spots • Absorbed only through oils ( Sebum) on coat and kill fleas quickly – as soon as they get on which is ideal for pets with FAD – eg Advantage= Imidacloprid • Frontline Plus is Fipronil + (s)Methoprene which is an Insect growth regulators that inhibit hatching of the flea pupa

26. Products to treat Fleas • Top Spots • Products that are not toxic to the pet but are absorbed into the body – redistributed to oils to kill fleas, but also kill some worms and a selection of mites. E.g. Advocate http://www.bayeranimal.com.au/default.aspx?Page=50&ItemId=38

28. Revolution • Revolution works by penetrating the skin and entering your pet's bloodstream. • Concentrations of selamectin, the active ingredient, in the tissue and bloodstream prevent heartworm disease (useful in Australia and America. ) • Selamectinalso redistributes into the skin from the bloodstream and kills adult fleas, ticks, and ear mites, and prevents flea eggs from hatching. • It is also an anthelmintic, which means it fights to expel parasitic worms. • Parasites ingest the drug when they feed on the animal's blood. • Revolution is safe for pregnant and lactating pets.

29. Topspots

31. Others • Pyripole

32. Fleas • Keeping the fleas off your pet • treat every 4 - 8 weeks (depends on species and product used) • ALWAYS CHECK LABELS FOR AGES LICENCED FOR – eg kittens and puppies • DO NOT USE ON HUMANS!!!!

33. Applying products • http://www.completekiller.com/frontlineplus/killing-101/how-to-apply/ • Use multiple areas on large dogs

34. The Environment • Vacuum carpets regularly and discard debris.

35. Flea contraceptives…. • Treat furnishings and carpets throughout the home with combination I.G.R. treatment (Indorex Fogger, Indorex Target and Indorex Spray). • These inhibit pupa hatching and so on – read more herehttp://www.virbac.co.nz/p-virbacnzpuben/display.aspx?srv=p-virbacnz&typ=pub&lang=en&cmd=view&style=styles/popup.xsl&select=&generic1=sendfriend&fav=yes&contact=sendmail

36. Mites

37. Sarcoptic Mange • Mites • Sarcoptic mange • Highly contagious • It burrows into skin – usually on ears, elbows, legs • Severe redness, scaly skin, hair loss and damage to skin from scratching

38. Sarcoptic mange

39. Sarcoptic Mange

40. A severe case of scabies of the hand. (Original image from Identification and Diagnosis of Parasites of Public Health Concern)

41. Human - Scabies

42. Cheyletiella Mites • Called “walking dandruff” • See in dogs, cats, rabbits and humans • Lives on skin and hair • Causes white scaly flakes and itchiness (pruritus). • Can diagnose it with sellotape and then look under microscope.

43. Cheyletiella

44. http://www.vetcontact.com/en/pdf.php?k=35 Dog with cheyletiellosis

45. Rabbit with Cheyletiella http://www.lakehowellanimalclinic.com/html/p_rabbit_2.html

46. Cheyletiella http://oslovet.veths.no/Teaching/rabbit/pathology/13.jpg http://www.vetcontact.com/en/pdf.php?k=35

47. Cheyletiella on an arm

48. Ear mites

49. Ear Mites Speaker Notes Avail • Otodectes • Live in external ear canal but can be found on the body • Head shaking, waxy discharge • Cats can be carriers with no signs

50. Ear Mites • Can cause a secondary bacterial infection called Otitis Externa • Ear pinnae is red, hot swollen (inflammation) • Smelly ears • “coffee grounds”- black gritty discharge